HitPattern.h

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// -*- C++ -*-

#ifndef TrackReco_HitPattern_h
#define TrackReco_HitPattern_h

//
// File: DataFormats/TrackReco/interface/HitPattern.h
//
// Marcel Vos, INFN Pisa
// v1.10 2007/05/08 bellan
// Zongru Wan, Kansas State University
// Jean-Roch Vlimant
// Kevin Burkett
// Boris Mangano
//
// Hit pattern is the summary information of the hits associated to track in
// AOD.  When RecHits are no longer available, the compact hit pattern should
// allow basic track selection based on the hits in various subdetectors.
// The hits of a track are saved in unit16_t hitPattern[MaxHits].
//
//                                            uint16_t
// +--------+---------------+---------------------------+-----------------+----------------+
// |  tk/mu | sub-structure |     sub-sub-structure     |     stereo      |    hit type    |
// +--------+---------------+---------------------------+-----------------+----------------+
// |   10   | 9   8    7    |  6     5     4     3      |        2        |    1        0  |  bit
// +--------+---------------+---------------------------+-----------------+----------------|
// | tk = 1 |    PXB = 1    | layer = 1-3               |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// | tk = 1 |    PXF = 2    | disk  = 1-2               |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// | tk = 1 |    TIB = 3    | layer = 1-4               | 0=rphi,1=stereo | hit type = 0-3 |
// | tk = 1 |    TID = 4    | wheel = 1-3               | 0=rphi,1=stereo | hit type = 0-3 |
// | tk = 1 |    TOB = 5    | layer = 1-6               | 0=rphi,1=stereo | hit type = 0-3 |
// | tk = 1 |    TEC = 6    | wheel = 1-9               | 0=rphi,1=stereo | hit type = 0-3 |
// | mu = 0 |    DT  = 1    | 4*(stat-1)+superlayer     |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// | mu = 0 |    CSC = 2    | 4*(stat-1)+(ring-1)       |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// | mu = 0 |    RPC = 3    | 4*(stat-1)+2*layer+region |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// | mu = 0 |    GEM = 4    | 2*(stat-1)+2*(layer-1)    |                 | hit type = 0-3 |
// +--------+---------------+---------------------------+-----------------+----------------+
//
//  hit type, see DataFormats/TrackingRecHit/interface/TrackingRecHit.h
//      VALID    = valid hit                                     = 0
//      MISSING  = detector is good, but no rec hit found        = 1
//      INACTIVE = detector is off, so there was no hope         = 2
//      BAD      = there were many bad strips within the ellipse = 3
//
// It had been shown by Zongru using a 100 GeV muon sample with 5000 events
// uniform in eta and phi, the average (maximum) number of tracker hits is
// 13 (17) and the average (maximum) number of muon detector hits is about
// 26 (50). If the number of hits of a track is larger than 80 then the extra
// hits are ignored by hit pattern. The static hit pattern array might be
// improved to a dynamic one in the future.
//
// Because of tracking with/without overlaps and with/without hit-splitting,
// the final number of hits per track is pretty "variable". Compared with the
// number of valid hits, the number of crossed layers with measurement should
// be more robust to discriminate between good and fake track.
//
// Since 4-bit for sub-sub-structure is not enough to specify a muon layer,
// the layer case counting methods are implemented for tracker only. This is
// different from the hit counting methods which are implemented for both
// tracker and muon detector.
//
// Given a tracker layer, specified by sub-structure and layer, the method
// getTrackerLayerCase(substr, layer) groups all of the hits in the hit pattern
// array for the layer together and returns one of the four cases
//
//     crossed
//        layer case 0: VALID + (MISSING, OFF, BAD) ==> with measurement
//        layer case 1: MISSING + (OFF, BAD) ==> without measurement
//        layer case 2: OFF, BAD ==> totally off or bad, cannot say much
//     not crossed
//        layer case NULL_RETURN: track outside acceptance or in gap ==> null
//
// Given a tracker layer, specified by sub-structure and layer, the method
// getTrackerMonoStereo(substr, layer) groups all of the valid hits in the hit
// pattern array for the layer together and returns
//
//              0: neither a valid mono nor a valid stereo hit
//           MONO: valid mono hit
//         STEREO: valid stereo hit
//  MONO | STEREO: both
//
//
// Given a track, here is an example usage of hit pattern
//    
//     // hit pattern of the track
//    const reco::HitPattern &p = track->hitPattern();
//    
//     // loop over the hits of the track. 
//    for (int i = 0; i < p.numberOfHits(HitPattern::TRACK_HITS); i++) {
//        uint32_t hit = p.getHitPattern(HitPattern::TRACK_HITS, i);
//    
//        // if the hit is valid and in pixel barrel, print out the layer
//        if (p.validHitFilter(hit) && p.pixelBarrelHitFilter(hit)){
//            cout << "valid hit found in pixel barrel layer " 
//                 << p.getLayer(hit) 
//                 << endl;
//        }
//    
//        // expert level: printout the hit in 11-bit binary format
//        cout << "hit in 11-bit binary format = "; 
//        for (int j = 10; j >= 0; j--){
//            int bit = (hit >> j) & 0x1;
//            cout << bit;
//        }
//        cout << endl;
//    }
//    
//    //count the number of valid pixel barrel *** hits ***
//    cout << "number of of valid pixel barrel hits is " 
//         << p.numberOfValidPixelBarrelHits()
//         << endl;
//    
//    //count the number of pixel barrel *** layers *** with measurement
//    cout << "number of of pixel barrel layers with measurement is "
//         << p.pixelBarrelLayersWithMeasurement()
//         << endl;
//

#include "DataFormats/DetId/interface/DetId.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiPixelDetId/interface/PixelSubdetector.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiStripDetId/interface/StripSubdetector.h"
#include "DataFormats/MuonDetId/interface/MuonSubdetId.h"
#include "DataFormats/TrackingRecHit/interface/TrackingRecHit.h"
#include "DataFormats/TrackingRecHit/interface/TrackingRecHitFwd.h"
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/GCC11Compatibility.h"

#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <memory>

class TrackerTopology;

namespace test {
  namespace TestHitPattern {
    int test();
  }
}

namespace reco
{

class HitPattern
{

public:
    enum {
        MONO = 1,
        STEREO = 2
    };

    enum HIT_TYPE {
        VALID = 0,
        MISSING = 1,
        INACTIVE = 2,
        BAD = 3
    };

    enum HitCategory {
        TRACK_HITS = 0,
        MISSING_INNER_HITS = 1,
        MISSING_OUTER_HITS = 2
    };
    const static unsigned short ARRAY_LENGTH = 50;
    const static unsigned short HIT_LENGTH = 11;
    const static unsigned short MaxHits = (8 * sizeof(uint16_t) * ARRAY_LENGTH) / HIT_LENGTH;

    static const uint32_t NULL_RETURN = 999999;
    static const uint16_t EMPTY_PATTERN = 0x0;

    static bool trackerHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool muonHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);

    static bool validHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool missingHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool inactiveHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool badHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);

    static bool pixelHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool pixelBarrelHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool pixelEndcapHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool stripHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool stripTIBHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool stripTIDHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool stripTOBHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool stripTECHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);

    static bool muonDTHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool muonCSCHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool muonRPCHitFilter(uint16_t pattern);
    static bool muonGEMHitFilter(uint16_t pattern); 

    static uint32_t getHitType(uint16_t pattern);

    // mono (0) or stereo (1)
    static uint32_t getSide(uint16_t pattern);
    static uint32_t getLayer(uint16_t pattern);
    static uint32_t getSubSubStructure(uint16_t pattern);
    static uint32_t getSubStructure(uint16_t pattern);
    static uint32_t getSubDetector(uint16_t pattern);

    static uint16_t getMuonStation(uint16_t pattern);

    static uint16_t getDTSuperLayer(uint16_t pattern); // only for DT patterns

    static uint16_t getCSCRing(uint16_t pattern) ;

    static uint16_t getRPCLayer(uint16_t pattern) ;

    static uint16_t getRPCregion(uint16_t pattern);

    static uint16_t getGEMStation(uint16_t pattern);

    static uint16_t getGEMLayer(uint16_t pattern);

    HitPattern();

    ~HitPattern();

    HitPattern(const HitPattern &other);

    HitPattern &operator=(const HitPattern &other);

    template<typename I>
    bool appendHits(const I &begin, const I &end, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    bool appendHit(const TrackingRecHit &hit, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    bool appendHit(const TrackingRecHitRef &ref, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    bool appendHit(const DetId &id, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);

    bool appendTrackerHit(uint16_t subdet, uint16_t layer, uint16_t stereo, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType);

    bool appendMuonHit(const DetId& id, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType);

    // get the pattern of the position-th hit
    uint16_t getHitPattern(HitCategory category, int position) const;

    void clear();

    // print the pattern of the position-th hit
    void printHitPattern(HitCategory category, int position, std::ostream &stream) const;
    void print(HitCategory category, std::ostream &stream = std::cout) const;

    bool hasValidHitInFirstPixelBarrel() const; // has valid hit in PXB layer 1
    bool hasValidHitInFirstPixelEndcap() const; // has valid hit in PXF layer 1

    int numberOfHits(HitCategory category) const;                 // not-null
    int numberOfValidHits() const;                                // not-null, valid

    int numberOfTrackerHits(HitCategory category) const;          // not-null, tracker
    int numberOfValidTrackerHits() const;                         // not-null, valid, tracker
    int numberOfValidPixelHits() const;                           // not-null, valid, pixel
    int numberOfValidPixelBarrelHits() const;                     // not-null, valid, pixel PXB
    int numberOfValidPixelEndcapHits() const;                     // not-null, valid, pixel PXF
    int numberOfValidStripHits() const;                           // not-null, valid, strip
    int numberOfValidStripTIBHits() const;                        // not-null, valid, strip TIB
    int numberOfValidStripTIDHits() const;                        // not-null, valid, strip TID
    int numberOfValidStripTOBHits() const;                        // not-null, valid, strip TOB
    int numberOfValidStripTECHits() const;                        // not-null, valid, strip TEC

    int numberOfLostHits(HitCategory category) const;             // not-null, not valid
    int numberOfLostTrackerHits(HitCategory category) const;      // not-null, not valid, tracker
    int numberOfLostPixelHits(HitCategory category) const;        // not-null, not valid, pixel
    int numberOfLostPixelBarrelHits(HitCategory category) const;  // not-null, not valid, pixel PXB
    int numberOfLostPixelEndcapHits(HitCategory category) const;  // not-null, not valid, pixel PXF
    int numberOfLostStripHits(HitCategory category) const;        // not-null, not valid, strip
    int numberOfLostStripTIBHits(HitCategory category) const;     // not-null, not valid, strip TIB
    int numberOfLostStripTIDHits(HitCategory category) const;     // not-null, not valid, strip TID
    int numberOfLostStripTOBHits(HitCategory category) const;     // not-null, not valid, strip TOB
    int numberOfLostStripTECHits(HitCategory category) const;     // not-null, not valid, strip TEC

    int numberOfMuonHits() const;             // not-null, muon
    int numberOfValidMuonHits() const;        // not-null, valid, muon
    int numberOfValidMuonDTHits() const;      // not-null, valid, muon DT
    int numberOfValidMuonCSCHits() const;     // not-null, valid, muon CSC
    int numberOfValidMuonRPCHits() const;     // not-null, valid, muon RPC
    int numberOfValidMuonGEMHits() const;     // not-null, valid, muon GEM
    int numberOfLostMuonHits() const;         // not-null, not valid, muon
    int numberOfLostMuonDTHits() const;       // not-null, not valid, muon DT
    int numberOfLostMuonCSCHits() const;      // not-null, not valid, muon CSC
    int numberOfLostMuonRPCHits() const;      // not-null, not valid, muon RPC
    int numberOfLostMuonGEMHits() const;      // not-null, not valid, muon GEM
    int numberOfBadHits() const;              // not-null, bad (only used in Muon Ch.)
    int numberOfBadMuonHits() const;          // not-null, bad, muon
    int numberOfBadMuonDTHits() const;        // not-null, bad, muon DT
    int numberOfBadMuonCSCHits() const;       // not-null, bad, muon CSC
    int numberOfBadMuonRPCHits() const;       // not-null, bad, muon RPC
    int numberOfBadMuonGEMHits() const;       // not-null, bad, muon GEM

    int numberOfInactiveHits() const;         // not-null, inactive
    int numberOfInactiveTrackerHits() const;  // not-null, inactive, tracker

    // count strip layers that have non-null, valid mono and stereo hits
    int numberOfValidStripLayersWithMonoAndStereo(uint16_t stripdet, uint16_t layer) const;
    int numberOfValidStripLayersWithMonoAndStereo() const;
    int numberOfValidTOBLayersWithMonoAndStereo(uint32_t layer = 0) const;
    int numberOfValidTIBLayersWithMonoAndStereo(uint32_t layer = 0) const;
    int numberOfValidTIDLayersWithMonoAndStereo(uint32_t layer = 0) const;
    int numberOfValidTECLayersWithMonoAndStereo(uint32_t layer = 0) const;

    uint32_t getTrackerLayerCase(HitCategory category, uint16_t substr, uint16_t layer) const;
    uint16_t getTrackerMonoStereo(HitCategory category, uint16_t substr, uint16_t layer) const;

    int trackerLayersWithMeasurementOld() const;        // case 0: tracker
    int trackerLayersWithMeasurement() const;        // case 0: tracker
    int pixelLayersWithMeasurementOld() const;          // case 0: pixel  
    int pixelLayersWithMeasurement() const;          // case 0: pixel
    int stripLayersWithMeasurement() const;          // case 0: strip
    int pixelBarrelLayersWithMeasurement() const;    // case 0: pixel PXB
    int pixelEndcapLayersWithMeasurement() const;    // case 0: pixel PXF
    int stripTIBLayersWithMeasurement() const;       // case 0: strip TIB
    int stripTIDLayersWithMeasurement() const;       // case 0: strip TID
    int stripTOBLayersWithMeasurement() const;       // case 0: strip TOB
    int stripTECLayersWithMeasurement() const;       // case 0: strip TEC

    int trackerLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;     // case 1: tracker
    int trackerLayersWithoutMeasurementOld(HitCategory category) const;     // case 1: tracker 
    int pixelLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;       // case 1: pixel
    int stripLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;       // case 1: strip
    int pixelBarrelLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const; // case 1: pixel PXB
    int pixelEndcapLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const; // case 1: pixel PXF
    int stripTIBLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;    // case 1: strip TIB
    int stripTIDLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;    // case 1: strip TID
    int stripTOBLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;    // case 1: strip TOB
    int stripTECLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const;    // case 1: strip TEC

    int trackerLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;        // case 2: tracker
    int pixelLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;          // case 2: pixel
    int stripLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;          // case 2: strip
    int pixelBarrelLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;    // case 2: pixel PXB
    int pixelEndcapLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;    // case 2: pixel PXF
    int stripTIBLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;       // case 2: strip TIB
    int stripTIDLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;       // case 2: strip TID
    int stripTOBLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;       // case 2: strip TOB
    int stripTECLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const;       // case 2: strip TEC

    int trackerLayersNull() const;                   // case NULL_RETURN: tracker
    int pixelLayersNull() const;                     // case NULL_RETURN: pixel
    int stripLayersNull() const;                     // case NULL_RETURN: strip
    int pixelBarrelLayersNull() const;               // case NULL_RETURN: pixel PXB
    int pixelEndcapLayersNull() const;               // case NULL_RETURN: pixel PXF
    int stripTIBLayersNull() const;                  // case NULL_RETURN: strip TIB
    int stripTIDLayersNull() const;                  // case NULL_RETURN: strip TID
    int stripTOBLayersNull() const;                  // case NULL_RETURN: strip TOB
    int stripTECLayersNull() const;                  // case NULL_RETURN: strip TEC

    int muonStations(int subdet, int hitType) const ;

    int muonStationsWithValidHits() const;
    int muonStationsWithBadHits() const;
    int muonStationsWithAnyHits() const;

    int dtStationsWithValidHits() const;
    int dtStationsWithBadHits() const;
    int dtStationsWithAnyHits() const;

    int cscStationsWithValidHits() const;
    int cscStationsWithBadHits() const;
    int cscStationsWithAnyHits() const;

    int rpcStationsWithValidHits() const;
    int rpcStationsWithBadHits() const;
    int rpcStationsWithAnyHits() const;

    int gemStationsWithValidHits() const ;
    int gemStationsWithBadHits() const ;
    int gemStationsWithAnyHits() const ;

    int innermostMuonStationWithHits(int hitType) const;
    int innermostMuonStationWithValidHits() const;
    int innermostMuonStationWithBadHits() const;
    int innermostMuonStationWithAnyHits() const;

    int outermostMuonStationWithHits(int hitType) const;
    int outermostMuonStationWithValidHits() const;
    int outermostMuonStationWithBadHits() const;
    int outermostMuonStationWithAnyHits() const;

    int numberOfDTStationsWithRPhiView() const;
    int numberOfDTStationsWithRZView() const;
    int numberOfDTStationsWithBothViews() const;

private:

    // 3 bits for hit type
    const static unsigned short HitTypeOffset = 0;
    const static unsigned short HitTypeMask = 0x3;

    // 1 bit to identify the side in double-sided detectors
    const static unsigned short SideOffset = 2;
    const static unsigned short SideMask = 0x1;

    // 4 bits to identify the layer/disk/wheel within the substructure
    const static unsigned short LayerOffset = 3;
    const static unsigned short LayerMask = 0xF;

    // 3 bits to identify the tracker/muon detector substructure
    const static unsigned short SubstrOffset = 7;
    const static unsigned short SubstrMask = 0x7;

    // 1 bit to distinguish tracker and muon subsystems
    const static unsigned short SubDetectorOffset = 10;
    const static unsigned short SubDetectorMask = 0x1;

    const static unsigned short minTrackerWord = 1<< SubDetectorOffset;
    const static unsigned short minPixelWord = minTrackerWord |  (1<<SubstrOffset);
    const static unsigned short minStripWord = minTrackerWord |  (3<<SubstrOffset);


    // detector side for tracker modules (mono/stereo)
    static uint16_t isStereo(DetId i, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    static bool stripSubdetectorHitFilter(uint16_t pattern, StripSubdetector::SubDetector substructure);

    static uint16_t encode(const TrackingRecHit &hit, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    static uint16_t encode(const DetId &id, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType, const TrackerTopology& ttopo);
    static uint16_t encode(uint16_t det, uint16_t subdet, uint16_t layer, uint16_t side, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType);

    // generic count methods
    typedef bool filterType(uint16_t);

    template<typename F>
    void call(HitCategory category, filterType typeFilter, F f) const;

    int countHits(HitCategory category, filterType filter) const;
    int countTypedHits(HitCategory category, filterType typeFilter, filterType filter) const;

    bool insertTrackHit(const uint16_t pattern);
    bool insertExpectedInnerHit(const uint16_t pattern);
    bool insertExpectedOuterHit(const uint16_t pattern);
    void insertHit(const uint16_t pattern);
    bool appendHit(const uint16_t pattern, TrackingRecHit::Type hitType);

    uint16_t getHitPatternByAbsoluteIndex(int position) const;

    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> getCategoryIndexRange(HitCategory category) const;

    uint16_t hitPattern[ARRAY_LENGTH];
    uint8_t hitCount;

    uint8_t beginTrackHits;
    uint8_t endTrackHits;
    uint8_t beginInner;
    uint8_t endInner;
    uint8_t beginOuter;
    uint8_t endOuter;

  friend int test::TestHitPattern::test();

  template<int N>
  friend struct PatternSet;
};

inline std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> HitPattern::getCategoryIndexRange(HitCategory category) const
{
    switch (category) {
    case TRACK_HITS:
        return std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(beginTrackHits, endTrackHits);
        break;
    case MISSING_INNER_HITS:
        return std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(beginInner, endInner);
        break;
    case MISSING_OUTER_HITS:
        return std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(beginOuter, endOuter);
        break;
    }
    return std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t>(-1, -1);
}

template<typename I>
bool HitPattern::appendHits(const I &begin, const I &end, const TrackerTopology& ttopo)
{
    for (I hit = begin; hit != end; hit++) {
      if unlikely((!appendHit(*hit, ttopo))) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getHitPattern(HitCategory category, int position) const
{
    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> range = getCategoryIndexRange(category);
    if unlikely((position < 0 || (position + range.first) >= range.second)) {
        return HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN;
    }

    return getHitPatternByAbsoluteIndex(range.first + position);
}

inline int HitPattern::countHits(HitCategory category, filterType filter) const
{
    int count = 0;
    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> range = getCategoryIndexRange(category);
    for (int i = range.first; i < range.second; ++i) {
        if (filter(getHitPatternByAbsoluteIndex(i))) {
            ++count;
        }
    }
    return count;
}


template<typename F>
void HitPattern::call(HitCategory category, filterType typeFilter, F f) const
{
    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> range = getCategoryIndexRange(category);
    for (int i = range.first; i < range.second; i++) {
        uint16_t pattern = getHitPatternByAbsoluteIndex(i);
        // f() return false to ask to stop looping
        if (typeFilter(pattern) && !f(pattern)) {
            break;
        }
    }
}

inline int HitPattern::countTypedHits(HitCategory category, filterType typeFilter, filterType filter) const
{
    int count = 0;
    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> range = getCategoryIndexRange(category);
    for (int i = range.first; i < range.second; ++i) {
        uint16_t pattern = getHitPatternByAbsoluteIndex(i);
        if (typeFilter(pattern) && filter(pattern)) {
            ++count;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

inline bool HitPattern::pixelHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!trackerHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == PixelSubdetector::PixelBarrel ||
            substructure == PixelSubdetector::PixelEndcap);
}

inline bool HitPattern::pixelBarrelHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!trackerHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == PixelSubdetector::PixelBarrel);
}

inline bool HitPattern::pixelEndcapHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!trackerHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == PixelSubdetector::PixelEndcap);
}

inline bool HitPattern::stripHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return pattern > minStripWord;
}


inline bool HitPattern::stripSubdetectorHitFilter(uint16_t pattern, StripSubdetector::SubDetector substructure)
{
    if unlikely(!trackerHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    return substructure == getSubStructure(pattern);
}

inline bool HitPattern::stripTIBHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return stripSubdetectorHitFilter(pattern, StripSubdetector::TIB);
}

inline bool HitPattern::stripTIDHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return stripSubdetectorHitFilter(pattern, StripSubdetector::TID);
}

inline bool HitPattern::stripTOBHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return stripSubdetectorHitFilter(pattern, StripSubdetector::TOB);
}

inline bool HitPattern::stripTECHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return stripSubdetectorHitFilter(pattern, StripSubdetector::TEC);
}

inline bool HitPattern::muonDTHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!muonHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == (uint32_t) MuonSubdetId::DT);
}

inline bool HitPattern::muonCSCHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!muonHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == (uint32_t) MuonSubdetId::CSC);
}

inline bool HitPattern::muonRPCHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(!muonHitFilter(pattern)) {
        return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == (uint32_t) MuonSubdetId::RPC);
}

inline bool HitPattern::muonGEMHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{ 
    if  unlikely(!muonHitFilter(pattern)) {
         return false;
    }

    uint32_t substructure = getSubStructure(pattern);
    return (substructure == (uint32_t) MuonSubdetId::GEM); 
}

inline bool HitPattern::trackerHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
  return pattern > minTrackerWord;
}

inline bool HitPattern::muonHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return false;
    }

    return (((pattern >> SubDetectorOffset) & SubDetectorMask) == 0);
}

inline uint32_t HitPattern::getSubStructure(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return NULL_RETURN;
    }

    return ((pattern >> SubstrOffset) & SubstrMask);
}

inline uint32_t HitPattern::getLayer(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return HitPattern::getSubSubStructure(pattern);
}

inline uint32_t HitPattern::getSubSubStructure(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return NULL_RETURN;
    }

    return ((pattern >> LayerOffset) & LayerMask);
}

inline uint32_t HitPattern::getSubDetector(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return NULL_RETURN;
    }

    return ((pattern >> SubDetectorOffset) & SubDetectorMask);
}


inline uint32_t HitPattern::getSide(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return NULL_RETURN;
    }

    return (pattern >> SideOffset) & SideMask;
}

inline uint32_t HitPattern::getHitType(uint16_t pattern)
{
    if unlikely(pattern == HitPattern::EMPTY_PATTERN) {
        return NULL_RETURN;
    }

    return ((pattern >> HitTypeOffset) & HitTypeMask);
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getMuonStation(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return (getSubSubStructure(pattern) >> 2) + 1;
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getDTSuperLayer(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return (getSubSubStructure(pattern) & 3);
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getCSCRing(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return (getSubSubStructure(pattern) & 3) + 1;
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getRPCLayer(uint16_t pattern)
{
    uint16_t subSubStructure = getSubSubStructure(pattern);
    uint16_t stat = subSubStructure >> 2;

    if likely(stat <= 1) {
        return ((subSubStructure >> 1) & 1) + 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getRPCregion(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return getSubSubStructure(pattern) & 1;
}

inline uint16_t HitPattern::getGEMStation(uint16_t pattern)
{
    uint16_t sss = getSubSubStructure(pattern), stat = sss >> 1;
    return stat + 1;
}
inline uint16_t HitPattern::getGEMLayer(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return (getSubSubStructure(pattern) & 1) + 1;
}

inline bool HitPattern::validHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return getHitType(pattern) == HitPattern::VALID;
}

inline bool HitPattern::missingHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return getHitType(pattern) == HitPattern::MISSING;
}

inline bool HitPattern::inactiveHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return getHitType(pattern) == HitPattern::INACTIVE;
}

inline bool HitPattern::badHitFilter(uint16_t pattern)
{
    return getHitType(pattern) == HitPattern::BAD;
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    std::pair<uint8_t, uint8_t> range = getCategoryIndexRange(category);
    return range.second - range.first;
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfTrackerHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countHits(category, trackerHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfMuonHits() const
{
    return countHits(TRACK_HITS, muonHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidHits() const
{
    return countHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidTrackerHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, trackerHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidMuonHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, muonHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidPixelHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, pixelHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidPixelBarrelHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, pixelBarrelHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidPixelEndcapHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, pixelEndcapHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidStripHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, stripHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidStripTIBHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, stripTIBHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidStripTIDHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, stripTIDHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidStripTOBHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, stripTOBHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidStripTECHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, stripTECHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidMuonDTHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, muonDTHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidMuonCSCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, muonCSCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidMuonRPCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, muonRPCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfValidMuonGEMHits() const
{
   return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, validHitFilter, muonGEMHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countHits(category, missingHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostTrackerHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, trackerHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostMuonHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, missingHitFilter, muonHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostPixelHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, pixelHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostPixelBarrelHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, pixelBarrelHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostPixelEndcapHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, pixelEndcapHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostStripHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, stripHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostStripTIBHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, stripTIBHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostStripTIDHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, stripTIDHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostStripTOBHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, stripTOBHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostStripTECHits(HitCategory category) const
{
    return countTypedHits(category, missingHitFilter, stripTECHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostMuonDTHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, missingHitFilter, muonDTHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostMuonCSCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, missingHitFilter, muonCSCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostMuonRPCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, missingHitFilter, muonRPCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfLostMuonGEMHits() const 
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, missingHitFilter, muonGEMHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadHits() const
{
    return countHits(TRACK_HITS, badHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadMuonHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, muonHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadMuonDTHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, muonDTHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadMuonCSCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, muonCSCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadMuonRPCHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, muonRPCHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfBadMuonGEMHits() const 
{
   return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, muonGEMHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfInactiveHits() const
{
    return countHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::numberOfInactiveTrackerHits() const
{
    return countTypedHits(TRACK_HITS, inactiveHitFilter, trackerHitFilter);
}

inline int HitPattern::trackerLayersWithMeasurementOld() const
{
    return pixelLayersWithMeasurement() + stripLayersWithMeasurement();
}

inline int HitPattern::pixelLayersWithMeasurementOld() const
{
    return pixelBarrelLayersWithMeasurement() + pixelEndcapLayersWithMeasurement();
}

inline int HitPattern::stripLayersWithMeasurement() const
{
    return stripTIBLayersWithMeasurement() + stripTIDLayersWithMeasurement() +
           stripTOBLayersWithMeasurement() + stripTECLayersWithMeasurement();
}

inline int HitPattern::trackerLayersWithoutMeasurementOld(HitCategory category) const
{
    return pixelLayersWithoutMeasurement(category) +
           stripLayersWithoutMeasurement(category);
}

inline int HitPattern::pixelLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const
{
    return pixelBarrelLayersWithoutMeasurement(category) +
           pixelEndcapLayersWithoutMeasurement(category);
}

inline int HitPattern::stripLayersWithoutMeasurement(HitCategory category) const
{
    return stripTIBLayersWithoutMeasurement(category) +
           stripTIDLayersWithoutMeasurement(category) +
           stripTOBLayersWithoutMeasurement(category) +
           stripTECLayersWithoutMeasurement(category);
}

inline int HitPattern::trackerLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const
{
    return pixelLayersTotallyOffOrBad() +
           stripLayersTotallyOffOrBad();
}

inline int HitPattern::pixelLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const
{
    return pixelBarrelLayersTotallyOffOrBad() +
           pixelEndcapLayersTotallyOffOrBad();
}

inline int HitPattern::stripLayersTotallyOffOrBad() const
{
    return stripTIBLayersTotallyOffOrBad() +
           stripTIDLayersTotallyOffOrBad() +
           stripTOBLayersTotallyOffOrBad() +
           stripTECLayersTotallyOffOrBad();
}

inline int HitPattern::trackerLayersNull() const
{
    return pixelLayersNull() +
           stripLayersNull();
}

inline int HitPattern::pixelLayersNull() const
{
    return pixelBarrelLayersNull() +
           pixelEndcapLayersNull();
}

inline int HitPattern::stripLayersNull() const
{
    return stripTIBLayersNull() +
           stripTIDLayersNull() +
           stripTOBLayersNull() +
           stripTECLayersNull();
}

inline int HitPattern::muonStationsWithValidHits() const
{
    return muonStations(0, 0);
}

inline int HitPattern::muonStationsWithBadHits() const
{
    return muonStations(0, 3);
}

inline int HitPattern::muonStationsWithAnyHits() const
{
    return muonStations(0, -1);
}

inline int HitPattern::dtStationsWithValidHits() const
{
    return muonStations(1, 0);
}

inline int HitPattern::dtStationsWithBadHits() const
{
    return muonStations(1, 3);
}

inline int HitPattern::dtStationsWithAnyHits() const
{
    return muonStations(1, -1);
}

inline int HitPattern::cscStationsWithValidHits() const
{
    return muonStations(2, 0);
}

inline int HitPattern::cscStationsWithBadHits() const
{
    return muonStations(2, 3);
}

inline int HitPattern::cscStationsWithAnyHits() const
{
    return muonStations(2, -1);
}

inline int HitPattern::rpcStationsWithValidHits() const
{
    return muonStations(3, 0);
}

inline int HitPattern::rpcStationsWithBadHits() const
{
    return muonStations(3, 3);
}

inline int HitPattern::rpcStationsWithAnyHits() const
{
    return muonStations(3, -1);
}

inline int HitPattern::gemStationsWithValidHits() const 
{
    return muonStations(4, 0); 
}

inline int HitPattern::gemStationsWithBadHits() const 
{ 
   return muonStations(4, 3); 
}

inline int HitPattern::gemStationsWithAnyHits() const 
{ 
   return muonStations(4,-1); 
}

inline int HitPattern::innermostMuonStationWithValidHits() const
{
    return innermostMuonStationWithHits(0);
}

inline int HitPattern::innermostMuonStationWithBadHits() const
{
    return innermostMuonStationWithHits(3);
}

inline int HitPattern::innermostMuonStationWithAnyHits() const
{
    return innermostMuonStationWithHits(-1);
}

inline int HitPattern::outermostMuonStationWithValidHits() const
{
    return outermostMuonStationWithHits(0);
}

inline int HitPattern::outermostMuonStationWithBadHits() const
{
    return outermostMuonStationWithHits(3);
}

inline int HitPattern::outermostMuonStationWithAnyHits() const
{
    return outermostMuonStationWithHits(-1);
}

#ifndef CMS_NOCXX11 // cint....

template<int N = HitPattern::MaxHits>
struct PatternSet {
    static constexpr int MaxHits = N;
    unsigned char hit[N];
    unsigned char nhit;

    unsigned char const *begin() const
    {
        return hit;
    }

    unsigned char const *end() const
    {
        return hit + nhit;
    }

    unsigned char  *begin()
    {
        return hit;
    }

    unsigned char  *end()
    {
        return hit + nhit;
    }

    int size() const
    {
        return nhit;
    }

    unsigned char operator[](int i) const
    {
        return hit[i];
    }

    PatternSet() : nhit(0) {}

    PatternSet(HitPattern::HitCategory category, HitPattern const &hp)
    {
        fill(category, hp);
    }

    void fill(HitPattern::HitCategory category, HitPattern const &hp)
    {
        int lhit = 0;
        auto unpack = [&lhit, this](uint16_t pattern) -> bool {
            unsigned char p = 255 & (pattern >> 3);
            hit[lhit++] = p;

            // bouble sort
            if (lhit > 1) {
                for (auto h = hit + lhit - 1; h != hit; --h) {
                    if ((*(h - 1)) <= p) {
                        break;
                    }
                    (*h) = *(h - 1);
                    *(h - 1) = p;
                }
            }
            return lhit < MaxHits;
        };

        hp.call(category, HitPattern::validHitFilter, unpack);
        nhit = lhit;
    }
};

template<int N>
inline PatternSet<N> commonHits(PatternSet<N> const &p1, PatternSet<N> const &p2)
{
    PatternSet<N> comm;
    comm.nhit = std::set_intersection(p1.begin(), p1.end(), p2.begin(), p2.end(), comm.begin()) - comm.begin();
    return comm;
}
#endif // gcc11

} // namespace reco

#endif