SiStripRawToDigiUnpacker.cc

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#include "SiStripRawToDigiUnpacker.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiStripObjects/interface/SiStripFedCabling.h"
#include "DataFormats/Common/interface/DetSet.h"
#include "DataFormats/FEDRawData/interface/FEDRawDataCollection.h"
#include "DataFormats/FEDRawData/interface/FEDNumbering.h"
#include "DataFormats/FEDRawData/src/fed_header.h"
#include "DataFormats/FEDRawData/src/fed_trailer.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiStripCommon/interface/SiStripConstants.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiStripCommon/interface/SiStripEventSummary.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiStripDigi/interface/SiStripDigi.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiStripDigi/interface/SiStripRawDigi.h"
#include "EventFilter/SiStripRawToDigi/interface/TFHeaderDescription.h"
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/Exception.h"
#include "FWCore/MessageLogger/interface/MessageLogger.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ext/algorithm>
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/RunningAverage.h"


namespace sistrip {

  RawToDigiUnpacker::RawToDigiUnpacker( int16_t appended_bytes, int16_t fed_buffer_dump_freq, int16_t fed_event_dump_freq, int16_t trigger_fed_id,
                                        bool using_fed_key, bool unpack_bad_channels, bool mark_missing_feds, const uint32_t errorThreshold ) :
    headerBytes_( appended_bytes ),
    fedBufferDumpFreq_( fed_buffer_dump_freq ),
    fedEventDumpFreq_( fed_event_dump_freq ),
    triggerFedId_( trigger_fed_id ),
    useFedKey_( using_fed_key ),
    unpackBadChannels_( unpack_bad_channels ),
    markMissingFeds_( mark_missing_feds ),
    event_(0),
    once_(true),
    first_(true),
    useDaqRegister_(false),
    quiet_(true),
    extractCm_(false),
    doFullCorruptBufferChecks_(false),
    doAPVEmulatorCheck_(true),
    errorThreshold_(errorThreshold)
  {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi")
    << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::"<<__func__<<"]"
    <<" Constructing object...";
    }
    if (unpackBadChannels_) {
      edm::LogWarning("SiStripRawToDigi") << "Warning: Unpacking of bad channels enabled. Only enable this if you know what you are doing. " << std::endl;
    }
  }

  RawToDigiUnpacker::~RawToDigiUnpacker() {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi")
    << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::"<<__func__<<"]"
    << " Destructing object...";
    }
  }


  namespace {

    edm::RunningAverage localRA(10000);

  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::createDigis( const SiStripFedCabling& cabling, const FEDRawDataCollection& buffers, SiStripEventSummary& summary, RawDigis& scope_mode, RawDigis& virgin_raw, RawDigis& proc_raw, Digis& zero_suppr, DetIdCollection& detids, RawDigis& cm_values ) {

    // Clear done at the end
    assert(zs_work_digis_.empty()); 
    zs_work_digis_.reserve(localRA.upper());
    // Reserve space in bad module list
    detids.reserve(100);
  
    // Check if FEDs found in cabling map and event data
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      if ( cabling.fedIds().empty() ) {
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
      << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
      << " No FEDs found in cabling map!";
    // Check which FED ids have non-zero size buffers
    std::vector<uint16_t> feds;
    for ( uint16_t ifed = FEDNumbering::MINSiStripFEDID; ifed < FEDNumbering::MAXSiStripFEDID; ifed++ ) {
      if ( ifed != triggerFedId_ && 
           buffers.FEDData( static_cast<int>(ifed) ).size() ) {
        feds.push_back(ifed);
      }
    }
    LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi")
      << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
      << " Found " 
      << feds.size() 
      << " FED buffers with non-zero size!";
      }
    }

    // Flag for EventSummary update using DAQ register  
    bool first_fed = true;
  
    // Retrieve FED ids from cabling map and iterate through 
    std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator ifed = cabling.fedIds().begin();
    for ( ; ifed != cabling.fedIds().end(); ifed++ ) {

      // ignore trigger FED
      if ( *ifed == triggerFedId_ ) { continue;  }
    
      // Retrieve FED raw data for given FED 
      const FEDRawData& input = buffers.FEDData( static_cast<int>(*ifed) );
    
      // Some debug on FED buffer size
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    if ( first_ && input.data() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " Found FED id " 
         << std::setw(4) << std::setfill(' ') << *ifed 
         << " in FEDRawDataCollection"
         << " with non-zero pointer 0x" 
         << std::hex
         << std::setw(8) << std::setfill('0') 
         << reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<uint8_t*>(input.data()))
         << std::dec
         << " and size " 
         << std::setw(5) << std::setfill(' ') << input.size()
         << " chars";
      LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
    }   
      }
    
      // Dump of FEDRawData to stdout
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    if ( fedBufferDumpFreq_ && !(event_%fedBufferDumpFreq_) ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      dumpRawData( *ifed, input, ss );
      edm::LogVerbatim(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
      }
      
      // get the cabling connections for this FED
      auto conns = cabling.fedConnections(*ifed);
    
      // Check on FEDRawData pointer
      if ( !input.data() ) {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
        << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
        << " NULL pointer to FEDRawData for FED id " 
        << *ifed;
    }
        // Mark FED modules as bad
        detids.reserve(detids.size()+conns.size());
        std::vector<FedChannelConnection>::const_iterator iconn = conns.begin();
        for ( ; iconn != conns.end(); iconn++ ) {
          if ( !iconn->detId() || iconn->detId() == sistrip::invalid32_ ) continue;
          detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
        }
    continue;
      } 
    
      // Check on FEDRawData size
      if ( !input.size() ) {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
        << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
        << " FEDRawData has zero size for FED id " 
        << *ifed;
    }
        // Mark FED modules as bad
        detids.reserve(detids.size()+conns.size());
        std::vector<FedChannelConnection>::const_iterator iconn = conns.begin();
        for ( ; iconn != conns.end(); iconn++ ) {
          if ( !iconn->detId() || iconn->detId() == sistrip::invalid32_ ) continue;
          detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
        }
        continue;
      }
      
      // construct FEDBuffer
      std::auto_ptr<sistrip::FEDBuffer> buffer;
      try {
        buffer.reset(new sistrip::FEDBuffer(input.data(),input.size()));
        if (!buffer->doChecks()) {
          if (!unpackBadChannels_ || !buffer->checkNoFEOverflows() )
            throw cms::Exception("FEDBuffer") << "FED Buffer check fails for FED ID " << *ifed << ".";
        }
        if (doFullCorruptBufferChecks_ && !buffer->doCorruptBufferChecks()) {
          throw cms::Exception("FEDBuffer") << "FED corrupt buffer check fails for FED ID " << *ifed << ".";
        }
      }
      catch (const cms::Exception& e) { 
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      edm::LogWarning("sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker") << "Exception caught when creating FEDBuffer object for FED " << *ifed << ": " << e.what();
    }
        // FED buffer is bad and should not be unpacked. Skip this FED and mark all modules as bad. 
        std::vector<FedChannelConnection>::const_iterator iconn = conns.begin();
        for ( ; iconn != conns.end(); iconn++ ) {
          if ( !iconn->detId() || iconn->detId() == sistrip::invalid32_ ) continue;
          detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
        }
        continue;
      }

      // Check if EventSummary ("trigger FED info") needs updating
      if ( first_fed && useDaqRegister_ ) { updateEventSummary( *buffer, summary ); first_fed = false; }
    
      // Check to see if EventSummary info is set
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    if ( !quiet_ && !summary.isSet() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " EventSummary is not set correctly!"
         << " Missing information from both \"trigger FED\" and \"DAQ registers\"!";
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
      }
    
      // Check to see if event is to be analyzed according to EventSummary
      if ( !summary.valid() ) { 
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi")
        << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
        << " EventSummary is not valid: skipping...";
    }
    continue; 
      }
    
      sistrip::FEDReadoutMode mode = buffer->readoutMode(); 

      // Retrive run type
      sistrip::RunType runType_ = summary.runType();
      if( runType_ == sistrip::APV_LATENCY || runType_ == sistrip::FINE_DELAY ) { useFedKey_ = false; } 
     
      // Dump of FED buffer
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    if ( fedEventDumpFreq_ && !(event_%fedEventDumpFreq_) ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      buffer->dump( ss );
      edm::LogVerbatim(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
      }
    
      // Iterate through FED channels, extract payload and create Digis
      std::vector<FedChannelConnection>::const_iterator iconn = conns.begin();
      for ( ; iconn != conns.end(); iconn++ ) {

    uint16_t chan = iconn->fedCh();

    // Check if fed connection is valid
    if ( !iconn->isConnected() ) { continue; }
        
        // Check DetId is valid (if to be used as key)
    if ( !useFedKey_ && ( !iconn->detId() || iconn->detId() == sistrip::invalid32_ ) ) { continue; }
      
    // Check FED channel
    if (!buffer->channelGood(iconn->fedCh(),doAPVEmulatorCheck_)) {
          if (!unpackBadChannels_ || !(buffer->fePresent(iconn->fedCh()/FEDCH_PER_FEUNIT) && buffer->feEnabled(iconn->fedCh()/FEDCH_PER_FEUNIT)) ) {
            detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
            continue;
          }
    }

    // Determine whether FED key is inferred from cabling or channel loop
    uint32_t fed_key = ( summary.runType() == sistrip::FED_CABLING ) ? ( ( *ifed & sistrip::invalid_ ) << 16 ) | ( chan & sistrip::invalid_ ) : ( ( iconn->fedId() & sistrip::invalid_ ) << 16 ) | ( iconn->fedCh() & sistrip::invalid_ );

    // Determine whether DetId or FED key should be used to index digi containers
    uint32_t key = ( useFedKey_ || mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_SCOPE ) ? fed_key : iconn->detId();
      
    // Determine APV std::pair number (needed only when using DetId)
    uint16_t ipair = ( useFedKey_ || mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_SCOPE ) ? 0 : iconn->apvPairNumber();
      

    if (mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_ZERO_SUPPRESSED ) { 
    
      Registry regItem(key, 0, zs_work_digis_.size(), 0);
    
          try {
        sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker::zeroSuppressedModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));
        
            
        while (unpacker.hasData()) {zs_work_digis_.push_back(SiStripDigi(unpacker.sampleNumber()+ipair*256,unpacker.adc())); unpacker++;}
          } catch (const cms::Exception& e) {
            if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
              edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
                << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
                << " Clusters are not ordered for FED "
                << *ifed << " channel " << iconn->fedCh()
                << ": " << e.what();
            }
            detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
            continue;
          }
          
      regItem.length = zs_work_digis_.size() - regItem.index;
      if (regItem.length > 0) {
        regItem.first = zs_work_digis_[regItem.index].strip();
        zs_work_registry_.push_back(regItem);
      }

        
      // Common mode values
      if ( extractCm_ ) {
        try {
          Registry regItem2( key, 2*ipair, cm_work_digis_.size(), 2 );
          cm_work_digis_.push_back( SiStripRawDigi( buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()).cmMedian(0) ) );
          cm_work_digis_.push_back( SiStripRawDigi( buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()).cmMedian(1) ) );
          cm_work_registry_.push_back( regItem2 );
        } catch (const cms::Exception& e) {
          if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
        edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
          << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
          << " Problem extracting common modes for FED id "
          << *ifed << " and channel " << iconn->fedCh()
          << ": " << std::endl << e.what();
          }
        }
      }
      
    }

    else if (mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_ZERO_SUPPRESSED_LITE ) { 

      Registry regItem(key, 0, zs_work_digis_.size(), 0);
    
      try {
        sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker::zeroSuppressedLiteModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));
        
        while (unpacker.hasData()) {zs_work_digis_.push_back(SiStripDigi(unpacker.sampleNumber()+ipair*256,unpacker.adc()));unpacker++;}
      } catch (const cms::Exception& e) {
            if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
              edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
                << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
                << " Clusters are not ordered for FED "
                << *ifed << " channel " << iconn->fedCh()
                << ": " << e.what();
            }
            detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
            continue;
          }  

      regItem.length = zs_work_digis_.size() - regItem.index;
      if (regItem.length > 0) {
        regItem.first = zs_work_digis_[regItem.index].strip();
        zs_work_registry_.push_back(regItem);
      }
          

    } 
     
    else if (mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_PREMIX_RAW ) { 

      Registry regItem(key, 0, zs_work_digis_.size(), 0);
    
      try {

        sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDZSChannelUnpacker::preMixRawModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));
        
        while (unpacker.hasData()) {zs_work_digis_.push_back(SiStripDigi(unpacker.sampleNumber()+ipair*256,unpacker.adcPreMix()));unpacker++;}
      } catch (const cms::Exception& e) {
            if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
              edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
                << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
                << " Clusters are not ordered for FED "
                << *ifed << " channel " << iconn->fedCh()
                << ": " << e.what();
            }
            detids.push_back(iconn->detId()); //@@ Possible multiple entries (ok for Giovanni)
            continue;
          }  

      regItem.length = zs_work_digis_.size() - regItem.index;
      if (regItem.length > 0) {
        regItem.first = zs_work_digis_[regItem.index].strip();
        zs_work_registry_.push_back(regItem);
      }
          

    } 
     
    else if ( mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_VIRGIN_RAW ) {

      std::vector<uint16_t> samples; 

      sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker::virginRawModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));

      while (unpacker.hasData()) {samples.push_back(unpacker.adc());unpacker++;}

      if ( !samples.empty() ) { 
        Registry regItem(key, 256*ipair, virgin_work_digis_.size(), samples.size());
        uint16_t physical;
        uint16_t readout; 
        for ( uint16_t i = 0, n = samples.size(); i < n; i++ ) {
          physical = i%128;
          readoutOrder( physical, readout );                 // convert index from physical to readout order
          (i/128) ? readout=readout*2+1 : readout=readout*2; // un-multiplex data
          virgin_work_digis_.push_back(  SiStripRawDigi( samples[readout] ) );
        }
        virgin_work_registry_.push_back( regItem );
      }
    } 
    
    else if ( mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_PROC_RAW ) {
    
      std::vector<uint16_t> samples; 
    
      sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker::procRawModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));
    
      while (unpacker.hasData()) {samples.push_back(unpacker.adc());unpacker++;}
    
      if ( !samples.empty() ) { 
        Registry regItem(key, 256*ipair, proc_work_digis_.size(), samples.size());
        for ( uint16_t i = 0, n = samples.size(); i < n; i++ ) {
          proc_work_digis_.push_back(  SiStripRawDigi( samples[i] ) );
        }
        proc_work_registry_.push_back( regItem );
      }
    } 

    else if ( mode == sistrip::READOUT_MODE_SCOPE ) {
    
      std::vector<uint16_t> samples; 
    
      sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker::scopeModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));

      while (unpacker.hasData()) {samples.push_back(unpacker.adc());unpacker++;}
    
      if ( !samples.empty() ) { 
        Registry regItem(key, 0, scope_work_digis_.size(), samples.size());
        for ( uint16_t i = 0, n = samples.size(); i < n; i++ ) {
          scope_work_digis_.push_back(  SiStripRawDigi( samples[i] ) );
        }
        scope_work_registry_.push_back( regItem );
      }
    } 
    
    else { // Unknown readout mode! => assume scope mode

      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
           << " Unknown FED readout mode (" << mode
           << ")! Assuming SCOPE MODE..."; 
        edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
    
      std::vector<uint16_t> samples; 
    
      sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker unpacker = sistrip::FEDRawChannelUnpacker::scopeModeUnpacker(buffer->channel(iconn->fedCh()));
    
      while (unpacker.hasData()) {samples.push_back(unpacker.adc());unpacker++;}
    
      if ( !samples.empty() ) { 
        Registry regItem(key, 0, scope_work_digis_.size(), samples.size());
        for ( uint16_t i = 0, n = samples.size(); i < n; i++ ) {
          scope_work_digis_.push_back(  SiStripRawDigi( samples[i] ) );
        }
        scope_work_registry_.push_back( regItem );
      
        if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "Extracted " << samples.size() 
         << " SCOPE MODE digis (samples[0] = " 
         << samples[0] 
         << ") from FED id/ch " 
         << iconn->fedId() 
         << "/" 
         << iconn->fedCh();
          LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
        }
      }
      else if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
        edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_)
          << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
          << " No SM digis found!"; 
      }
    } 
      } // channel loop
    } // fed loop

    // bad channels warning
    unsigned int detIdsSize = detids.size();
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() && detIdsSize ) {
      std::ostringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " Problems were found in data and " << detIdsSize << " channels could not be unpacked. "
         << "See output of FED Hardware monitoring for more information. ";
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
    if( (errorThreshold_ != 0) && (detIdsSize > errorThreshold_) ) {
      edm::LogError("TooManyErrors") << "Total number of errors = " << detIdsSize;
    }

    // update DetSetVectors
    update(scope_mode, virgin_raw, proc_raw, zero_suppr, cm_values);

    // increment event counter
    event_++;
  
    // no longer first event!
    if ( first_ ) { first_ = false; }
  
    // final cleanup, just in case
    cleanupWorkVectors();
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::update( RawDigis& scope_mode, RawDigis& virgin_raw, RawDigis& proc_raw, Digis& zero_suppr, RawDigis& common_mode ) {
  
    if ( ! zs_work_registry_.empty() ) {
      std::sort( zs_work_registry_.begin(), zs_work_registry_.end() );
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripDigi> > sorted_and_merged;
      sorted_and_merged.reserve(  std::min(zs_work_registry_.size(), size_t(17000)) );
    
      bool errorInData = false;
      std::vector<Registry>::iterator it = zs_work_registry_.begin(), it2 = it+1, end = zs_work_registry_.end();
      while (it < end) {
    sorted_and_merged.push_back( edm::DetSet<SiStripDigi>(it->detid) );
    std::vector<SiStripDigi> & digis = sorted_and_merged.back().data;
    // first count how many digis we have
    size_t len = it->length;
    for (it2 = it+1; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) { len += it2->length; }
    // reserve memory 
    digis.reserve(len);
    // push them in
    for (it2 = it+0; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) {
      digis.insert( digis.end(), & zs_work_digis_[it2->index], & zs_work_digis_[it2->index + it2->length] );
    }
    it = it2;
      }
    
      // check sorting
      if (!__gnu_cxx::is_sorted( sorted_and_merged.begin(), sorted_and_merged.end() )) {
    // this is an error in the code: i DID sort it already!
    throw cms::Exception("Bug Found") 
      << "Container must be already sorted!\nat " 
      << __FILE__ 
      << ", line " 
      << __LINE__ 
      <<"\n";
      }
    
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripDigi> >::iterator iii = sorted_and_merged.begin();
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripDigi> >::iterator jjj = sorted_and_merged.end();
      for ( ; iii != jjj; ++iii ) { 
    if ( ! __gnu_cxx::is_sorted( iii->begin(), iii->end() ) ) {
      // this might be an error in the data, if the raws from one FED are not sorted
      iii->clear(); 
      errorInData = true;
    }
      } 
    
      // output error
      if (errorInData) edm::LogWarning("CorruptData") << "Some modules contained corrupted ZS raw data, and have been skipped in unpacking\n";
    
      // make output DetSetVector
      edm::DetSetVector<SiStripDigi> zero_suppr_dsv( sorted_and_merged, true ); 
      zero_suppr.swap( zero_suppr_dsv );
    } 
  
    // Populate final DetSetVector container with VR data 
    if ( !virgin_work_registry_.empty() ) {

      std::sort( virgin_work_registry_.begin(), virgin_work_registry_.end() );
    
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi> > sorted_and_merged;
      sorted_and_merged.reserve( std::min(virgin_work_registry_.size(), size_t(17000)) );
    
      bool errorInData = false;
      std::vector<Registry>::iterator it = virgin_work_registry_.begin(), it2, end = virgin_work_registry_.end();
      while (it < end) {
    sorted_and_merged.push_back( edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi>(it->detid) );
    std::vector<SiStripRawDigi> & digis = sorted_and_merged.back().data;
      
    bool isDetOk = true; 
    // first count how many digis we have
    int maxFirstStrip = it->first;
    for (it2 = it+1; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) { 
      // duplicated APV or data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here!
      if (it2->first <= maxFirstStrip) { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
      maxFirstStrip = it2->first;                           
    }
    if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; it = it2; continue; } // skip whole det
      
    // make room for 256 * (max_apv_pair + 1) Raw Digis
    digis.resize(maxFirstStrip + 256);
    // push them in
    for (it2 = it+0; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) {
      // data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here
      if (it->length != 256)  { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
      std::copy( & virgin_work_digis_[it2->index], & virgin_work_digis_[it2->index + it2->length], & digis[it2->first] );
    }
    if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; digis.clear(); it = it2; continue; } // skip whole det
    it = it2;
      }
    
      // output error
      if (errorInData) edm::LogWarning("CorruptData") << "Some modules contained corrupted virgin raw data, and have been skipped in unpacking\n"; 
    
      // check sorting
      if ( !__gnu_cxx::is_sorted( sorted_and_merged.begin(), sorted_and_merged.end()  ) ) {
    // this is an error in the code: i DID sort it already!
    throw cms::Exception("Bug Found") 
      << "Container must be already sorted!\nat " 
      << __FILE__ 
      << ", line " 
      << __LINE__ 
      <<"\n";
      }
    
      // make output DetSetVector
      edm::DetSetVector<SiStripRawDigi> virgin_raw_dsv( sorted_and_merged, true ); 
      virgin_raw.swap( virgin_raw_dsv );
    }
  
    // Populate final DetSetVector container with VR data 
    if ( !proc_work_registry_.empty() ) {
      std::sort( proc_work_registry_.begin(), proc_work_registry_.end() );
    
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi> > sorted_and_merged;
      sorted_and_merged.reserve( std::min(proc_work_registry_.size(), size_t(17000)) );
    
      bool errorInData = false;
      std::vector<Registry>::iterator it = proc_work_registry_.begin(), it2, end = proc_work_registry_.end();
      while (it < end) {
    sorted_and_merged.push_back( edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi>(it->detid) );
    std::vector<SiStripRawDigi> & digis = sorted_and_merged.back().data;
      
    bool isDetOk = true; 
    // first count how many digis we have
    int maxFirstStrip = it->first;
    for (it2 = it+1; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) { 
      // duplicated APV or data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here!
      if (it2->first <= maxFirstStrip) { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
      maxFirstStrip = it2->first;                           
    }
    // skip whole det
    if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; it = it2; continue; } 
      
    // make room for 256 * (max_apv_pair + 1) Raw Digis
    digis.resize(maxFirstStrip + 256);
    // push them in
    for (it2 = it+0; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) {
      // data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here
      if (it->length != 256)  { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
      std::copy( & proc_work_digis_[it2->index], & proc_work_digis_[it2->index + it2->length], & digis[it2->first] );
    }
    // skip whole det
    if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; digis.clear(); it = it2; continue; } 
    it = it2;
      }
    
      // output error
      if (errorInData) edm::LogWarning("CorruptData") << "Some modules contained corrupted proc raw data, and have been skipped in unpacking\n";
    
      // check sorting
      if ( !__gnu_cxx::is_sorted( sorted_and_merged.begin(), sorted_and_merged.end()  ) ) {
    // this is an error in the code: i DID sort it already!
    throw cms::Exception("Bug Found") 
      << "Container must be already sorted!\nat " 
      << __FILE__ 
      << ", line " 
      << __LINE__ 
      <<"\n";
      }
    
      // make output DetSetVector
      edm::DetSetVector<SiStripRawDigi> proc_raw_dsv( sorted_and_merged, true ); 
      proc_raw.swap( proc_raw_dsv );
    }
  
    // Populate final DetSetVector container with SM data 
    if ( !scope_work_registry_.empty() ) {
      std::sort( scope_work_registry_.begin(), scope_work_registry_.end() );
    
      std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi> > sorted_and_merged;
      sorted_and_merged.reserve( scope_work_registry_.size() );
    
      bool errorInData = false;
      std::vector<Registry>::iterator it, end;
      for (it = scope_work_registry_.begin(), end = scope_work_registry_.end() ; it != end; ++it) {
    sorted_and_merged.push_back( edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi>(it->detid) );
    std::vector<SiStripRawDigi> & digis = sorted_and_merged.back().data;
    digis.insert( digis.end(), & scope_work_digis_[it->index], & scope_work_digis_[it->index + it->length] );
      
    if ( (it +1 != end) && (it->detid == (it+1)->detid) ) {
      errorInData = true; 
      // let's skip *all* the detsets for that key, as we don't know which is the correct one!
      do { ++it; } while ( ( it+1 != end) && (it->detid == (it+1)->detid) );
    }
      }

      // output error
      if (errorInData) edm::LogWarning("CorruptData") << "Some fed keys contained corrupted scope mode data, and have been skipped in unpacking\n"; 

      // check sorting
      if ( !__gnu_cxx::is_sorted( sorted_and_merged.begin(), sorted_and_merged.end()  ) ) {
    // this is an error in the code: i DID sort it already!
    throw cms::Exception("Bug Found") 
      << "Container must be already sorted!\nat " 
      << __FILE__ 
      << ", line " 
      << __LINE__ 
      <<"\n";
      }

      // make output DetSetVector
      edm::DetSetVector<SiStripRawDigi> scope_mode_dsv( sorted_and_merged, true ); 
      scope_mode.swap( scope_mode_dsv );
    }

    // Populate DetSetVector with Common Mode values 
    if ( extractCm_ ) {

      // Populate final DetSetVector container with VR data 
      if ( !cm_work_registry_.empty() ) {

    std::sort( cm_work_registry_.begin(), cm_work_registry_.end() );
    
    std::vector< edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi> > sorted_and_merged;
    sorted_and_merged.reserve( std::min(cm_work_registry_.size(), size_t(17000)) );
    
    bool errorInData = false;
    std::vector<Registry>::iterator it = cm_work_registry_.begin(), it2, end = cm_work_registry_.end();
    while (it < end) {
      sorted_and_merged.push_back( edm::DetSet<SiStripRawDigi>(it->detid) );
      std::vector<SiStripRawDigi> & digis = sorted_and_merged.back().data;
      
      bool isDetOk = true; 
      // first count how many digis we have
      int maxFirstStrip = it->first;
      for (it2 = it+1; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) { 
        // duplicated APV or data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here!
        if (it2->first <= maxFirstStrip) { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
        maxFirstStrip = it2->first;                           
      }
      if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; it = it2; continue; } // skip whole det
      
      // make room for 2 * (max_apv_pair + 1) Common mode values
      digis.resize(maxFirstStrip + 2);
      // push them in
      for (it2 = it+0; (it2 != end) && (it2->detid == it->detid); ++it2) {
        // data corruption. DO NOT 'break' here
        if (it->length != 2)  { isDetOk = false; continue; } 
        std::copy( & cm_work_digis_[it2->index], & cm_work_digis_[it2->index + it2->length], & digis[it2->first] );
      }
      if (!isDetOk) { errorInData = true; digis.clear(); it = it2; continue; } // skip whole det
      it = it2;
    }
    
    // output error
    if (errorInData) edm::LogWarning("CorruptData") << "Some modules contained corrupted common mode data, and have been skipped in unpacking\n"; 
    
    // check sorting
    if ( !__gnu_cxx::is_sorted( sorted_and_merged.begin(), sorted_and_merged.end()  ) ) {
      // this is an error in the code: i DID sort it already!
      throw cms::Exception("Bug Found") 
        << "Container must be already sorted!\nat " 
        << __FILE__ 
        << ", line " 
        << __LINE__ 
        <<"\n";
    }
    
    // make output DetSetVector
    edm::DetSetVector<SiStripRawDigi> common_mode_dsv( sorted_and_merged, true ); 
    common_mode.swap( common_mode_dsv );
      }
      
    }
    
  }
  
  void RawToDigiUnpacker::cleanupWorkVectors() {
    // Clear working areas and registries
    
    localRA.update(zs_work_digis_.size());
    zs_work_registry_.clear();      zs_work_digis_.clear(); zs_work_digis_.shrink_to_fit(); assert(zs_work_digis_.capacity()==0);
    virgin_work_registry_.clear();  virgin_work_digis_.clear();
    proc_work_registry_.clear();    proc_work_digis_.clear();
    scope_work_registry_.clear();   scope_work_digis_.clear();
    cm_work_registry_.clear();      cm_work_digis_.clear();
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::triggerFed( const FEDRawDataCollection& buffers, SiStripEventSummary& summary, const uint32_t& event ) {
  
    // Pointer to data (recast as 32-bit words) and number of 32-bit words
    uint32_t* data_u32 = 0;
    uint32_t  size_u32 = 0;
  
    // Search mode
    if ( triggerFedId_ < 0 ) { 
    
      uint16_t ifed = 0;
      while ( triggerFedId_ < 0 && 
          ifed < 1 + FEDNumbering::lastFEDId() ) {
    const FEDRawData& trigger_fed = buffers.FEDData( ifed );
    if ( trigger_fed.data() && trigger_fed.size() ) {
      uint8_t*  temp = const_cast<uint8_t*>( trigger_fed.data() );
      data_u32 = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( temp ) + sizeof(fedh_t)/sizeof(uint32_t) + 1;
      size_u32 = trigger_fed.size()/sizeof(uint32_t) - sizeof(fedh_t)/sizeof(uint32_t) - 1;
      fedt_t* fed_trailer = reinterpret_cast<fedt_t*>( temp + trigger_fed.size() - sizeof(fedt_t) );
      if ( fed_trailer->conscheck == 0xDEADFACE ) { 
        triggerFedId_ = ifed; 
        if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " Search mode for 'trigger FED' activated!"
         << " Found 'trigger FED' info with id " << triggerFedId_;
          LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
        }
      }
    }
    ifed++;
      }
      if ( triggerFedId_ < 0 ) {
    triggerFedId_ = 0;
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " Search mode for 'trigger FED' activated!"
         << " 'Trigger FED' info not found!";
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
      }  
    } 

    // "Trigger FED" id given in .cfg file
    else if ( triggerFedId_ > 0 ) { 
    
      const FEDRawData& trigger_fed = buffers.FEDData( triggerFedId_ );
      if ( trigger_fed.data() && trigger_fed.size() ) {
    uint8_t*  temp = const_cast<uint8_t*>( trigger_fed.data() );
    data_u32 = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( temp ) + sizeof(fedh_t)/sizeof(uint32_t) + 1;
    size_u32 = trigger_fed.size()/sizeof(uint32_t) - sizeof(fedh_t)/sizeof(uint32_t) - 1;
    fedt_t* fed_trailer = reinterpret_cast<fedt_t*>( temp + trigger_fed.size() - sizeof(fedt_t) );
    if ( fed_trailer->conscheck != 0xDEADFACE ) { 
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
        edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) 
          << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
          << " Unexpected stamp found in DAQ trailer (ie, not 0xDEADFACE)!"
          << " Buffer appears not to contain 'trigger FED' data!";
      }
      triggerFedId_ = 0; 
    }
      }
      
    } else { 
      triggerFedId_ = 0; 
      data_u32 = 0;
      size_u32 = 0;
    }
  
    // Populate summary object with commissioning information
    if ( triggerFedId_ > 0 ) { 

      // Some checks
      if ( !data_u32 ) {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " NULL pointer to 'trigger FED' data";
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
    return;
      } 
      if ( size_u32 < sizeof(TFHeaderDescription)/sizeof(uint32_t) ) {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " Unexpected 'Trigger FED' data size [32-bit words]: " << size_u32;
      edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
    return;
      }
    
      // Write event-specific data to event
      TFHeaderDescription* header = (TFHeaderDescription*) data_u32;
      summary.event( static_cast<uint32_t>( header->getFedEventNumber()) );
      summary.bx( static_cast<uint32_t>( header->getBunchCrossing()) );
    
      // Write commissioning information to event 
      uint32_t hsize = sizeof(TFHeaderDescription)/sizeof(uint32_t);
      uint32_t* head = &data_u32[hsize];
      summary.commissioningInfo( head, event );
      summary.triggerFed( triggerFedId_ );
    
    }

    // Some debug
    if ( summary.isSet() && once_ ) {
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " EventSummary built from \"trigger FED\":" 
       << std::endl << summary;
    LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
      }
      once_ = false;
    }
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::locateStartOfFedBuffer( const uint16_t& fed_id, const FEDRawData& input, FEDRawData& output ) {
  
    // Check size of input buffer
    if ( input.size() < 24 ) { 
      output.resize( input.size() ); // Return UNadjusted buffer start position and size
      memcpy( output.data(), input.data(), input.size() );
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss; 
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "] "
       << "Input FEDRawData with FED id " << fed_id 
       << " has size " << input.size();
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
      return;
    } 
  
    // Iterator through buffer to find DAQ header 
    bool found = false;
    uint16_t ichar = 0;
    while ( ichar < input.size()-16 && !found ) {
      uint16_t offset = headerBytes_ < 0 ? ichar : headerBytes_; // Negative value means use "search mode" to find DAQ header
      uint32_t* input_u32   = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<unsigned char*>( input.data() ) + offset );
      uint32_t* fed_trailer = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<unsigned char*>( input.data() ) + input.size() - 8 );
    
      // see info on FED 32-bit swapping at end-of-file

      bool old_vme_header = ( input_u32[0] & 0xF0000000 ) == 0x50000000 && ( fed_trailer[0]  & 0xF0000000 ) == 0xA0000000 && ( (fed_trailer[0] & 0x00FFFFFF)*0x8 ) == (input.size() - offset);
    
      bool old_slink_header = ( input_u32[1] & 0xF0000000 ) == 0x50000000 && ( fed_trailer[1]  & 0xF0000000 ) == 0xA0000000 && ( (fed_trailer[1] & 0x00FFFFFF)*0x8 ) == (input.size() - offset);
    
      bool old_slink_payload = ( input_u32[3] & 0xFF000000 ) == 0xED000000;
    
      bool new_buffer_format = ( input_u32[2] & 0xFF000000 ) == 0xC5000000;
    
      if ( old_vme_header )  {
      
    // Found DAQ header at byte position 'offset'
    found = true;
    output.resize( input.size()-offset );
    memcpy( output.data(),         // target
        input.data()+offset,   // source
        input.size()-offset ); // nbytes
    if ( headerBytes_ < 0 ) {
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]" 
           << " Buffer for FED id " << fed_id 
           << " has been found at byte position " << offset
           << " with a size of " << input.size()-offset << " bytes."
           << " Adjust the configurable 'AppendedBytes' to " << offset;
        LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
      }
    }
      
      } else if ( old_slink_header ) {
      
    if ( old_slink_payload ) {
      
      // Found DAQ header (with MSB and LSB 32-bit words swapped) at byte position 'offset' 
      found = true;
      output.resize( input.size()-offset );
      uint32_t* output_u32 = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<unsigned char*>( output.data() ) );
      uint16_t iter = offset; 
      while ( iter < output.size() / sizeof(uint32_t) ) {
        output_u32[iter] = input_u32[iter+1];
        output_u32[iter+1] = input_u32[iter];
        iter+=2;
      }
      if ( headerBytes_ < 0 ) {
        if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]" 
         << " Buffer (with MSB and LSB 32-bit words swapped) for FED id " << fed_id 
         << " has been found at byte position " << offset
         << " with a size of " << output.size() << " bytes."
         << " Adjust the configurable 'AppendedBytes' to " << offset;
          LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
        }
      }

    } else if ( new_buffer_format ) {
    
      // Found DAQ header at byte position 'offset'
      found = true;
      output.resize( input.size()-offset );
      memcpy( output.data(),         // target
          input.data()+offset,   // source
          input.size()-offset ); // nbytes
      if ( headerBytes_ < 0 ) {
        if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]" 
         << " Buffer for FED id " << fed_id 
         << " has been found at byte position " << offset
         << " with a size of " << input.size()-offset << " bytes."
         << " Adjust the configurable 'AppendedBytes' to " << offset;
          LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
        }
      }
    
    } else { headerBytes_ < 0 ? found = false : found = true; }
      } else { headerBytes_ < 0 ? found = false : found = true; }
      ichar++;
    }      
  
    // Check size of output buffer
    if ( output.size() == 0 ) { 
    
      // Did not find DAQ header after search => return buffer with null size
      output.resize( 0 ); //@@ NULL SIZE
      memcpy( output.data(), input.data(), 0 ); //@@ NULL SIZE
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    if ( headerBytes_ < 0 ) {
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " DAQ header not found within buffer for FED id: " << fed_id;
    } else {
      uint32_t* input_u32 = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<unsigned char*>( input.data() ) );
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " DAQ header not found at expected location for FED id: " << fed_id << std::endl
         << " First 64-bit word of buffer is 0x"
         << std::hex 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << input_u32[0] 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << input_u32[1] 
         << std::dec << std::endl
         << " Adjust 'AppendedBytes' configurable to '-1' to activate 'search mode'";
    }
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
    
    } else if ( output.size() < 24 ) { // Found DAQ header after search, but too few words
    
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss; 
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " Unexpected buffer size! FEDRawData with FED id " << fed_id 
       << " has size " << output.size();
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
    }   
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::updateEventSummary( const sistrip::FEDBuffer& fed, SiStripEventSummary& summary ) {
  
    // Retrieve contents of DAQ registers

    sistrip::FEDDAQEventType readout_mode = fed.daqEventType(); 
    uint32_t daq1 = sistrip::invalid32_;
    uint32_t daq2 = sistrip::invalid32_;

    if (fed.headerType() == sistrip::HEADER_TYPE_FULL_DEBUG) {
      const sistrip::FEDFullDebugHeader* header = 0;
      header = dynamic_cast<const sistrip::FEDFullDebugHeader*>(fed.feHeader());
      daq1 = static_cast<uint32_t>( header->daqRegister() ); 
      daq2 = static_cast<uint32_t>( header->daqRegister2() ); 
    }

  
    // If FED DAQ registers contain info, update (and possibly overwrite) EventSummary 
    if ( daq1 != 0 && daq1 != sistrip::invalid32_ ) {
    
      summary.triggerFed( triggerFedId_ );
      summary.fedReadoutMode( readout_mode );
      summary.commissioningInfo( daq1, daq2 );
    
      if ( summary.isSet() && once_ ) {
    if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
      std::stringstream ss;
      ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
         << " EventSummary built from FED DAQ registers:"
         << std::endl << summary;
      LogTrace("SiStripRawToDigi") << ss.str();
    }
    once_ = false;
      }
    }
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::dumpRawData( uint16_t fed_id, const FEDRawData& buffer, std::stringstream& ss ) {

    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " Dump of buffer for FED id " <<  fed_id << std::endl
       << " Buffer contains " << buffer.size()
       << " bytes (NB: payload is byte-swapped)" << std::endl;
    uint32_t* buffer_u32 = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>( const_cast<unsigned char*>( buffer.data() ) );
    unsigned int empty = 0;

    if ( 0 ) { 

      ss << "Byte->   4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3\n";
      for ( uint32_t i = 0; i < buffer.size()/8; i++ ) {
    unsigned int temp0 = buffer_u32[i*2] & sistrip::invalid32_;
    unsigned int temp1 = buffer_u32[i*2+1] & sistrip::invalid32_;
    if ( !temp0 && !temp1 ) { empty++; }
    else { 
      if ( empty ) { 
        ss << "        [ empty  words ]" << std::endl; 
        empty = 0; 
      }
      ss << std::dec
         << std::setfill(' ')  << std::setw(6) << i*8 << ": " 
         << std::hex 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << temp0 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(8) << temp1 
         << std::dec
         << std::endl;
    }
      }

    } else {
    
      ss << "  Byte |  <---- Byte order ----<  | Byte" << std::endl;
      ss << "  cntr |  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0  | cntr" << std::endl;
      for ( uint32_t i = 0; i < buffer.size()/8; i++ ) {
    //if ( i>=20 && ((i+4)<(buffer.size()/8)) ) { continue; }
    uint16_t tmp0 = buffer.data()[i*8+0] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp1 = buffer.data()[i*8+1] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp2 = buffer.data()[i*8+2] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp3 = buffer.data()[i*8+3] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp4 = buffer.data()[i*8+4] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp5 = buffer.data()[i*8+5] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp6 = buffer.data()[i*8+6] & 0xFF;
    uint16_t tmp7 = buffer.data()[i*8+7] & 0xFF;
//  if ( !tmp0 && !tmp1 && !tmp2 && !tmp3 &&
//       !tmp4 && !tmp5 && !tmp6 && !tmp7 ) { empty++; }
//  else { 
//    if ( empty ) { 
//      ss << "         [.." 
//         << std::dec << std::setfill('.') << std::setw(4) << empty 
//         << " null words....]" << std::endl; 
//      empty = 0; 
//    }
      ss << std::dec
         << std::setfill(' ')  << std::setw(6) << i*8+7 << " : " 
         << std::hex 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp7 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp6 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp5 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp4 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp3 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp2 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp1 << " " 
         << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << tmp0 
         << std::dec
         << " :" << std::setfill(' ')  << std::setw(6) << i*8 
         << std::endl;
//  }
      }

    }
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " End of FED buffer";
  }

  void RawToDigiUnpacker::handleException( std::string method_name, std::string extra_info ) { 

    method_name = "sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" + method_name;
    try {
      throw; // rethrow caught exception to be dealt with below
    } 
    catch ( const cms::Exception& e ) { 
      //throw e; // rethrow cms::Exception to be caught by framework
    }
    catch ( const std::exception& e ) {
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " Caught std::exception!" << std::endl;
    if ( extra_info != "" ) { 
      ss << " Information: " << extra_info << std::endl;
    }
    ss << " Caught std::exception in ["
       << method_name << "] with message:" << std::endl 
       << e.what();
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
      //throw cms::Exception(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
    catch (...) {
      if ( edm::isDebugEnabled() ) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "[sistrip::RawToDigiUnpacker::" << __func__ << "]"
       << " Caught unknown exception!" << std::endl;
    if ( extra_info != "" ) { 
      ss << " Information: " << extra_info << std::endl;
    }
    ss << "Caught unknown exception in ["
       << method_name << "]" << std::endl;
    edm::LogWarning(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
      }
      //throw cms::Exception(sistrip::mlRawToDigi_) << ss.str();
    }
  }

}

/*
  
Some info on FED buffer 32-bit word swapping. 

Table below indicates if data are swapped relative to the "old"
VME format (as originally expected by the Fed9UEvent class).

-------------------------------------------
| SWAPPED?    |         DATA FORMAT       |
| (wrt "OLD") | OLD (0xED)  | NEW (0xC5)  |
|             | VME | SLINK | VME | SLINK |
-------------------------------------------
| DAQ HEADER  |  N  |   Y   |  Y  |   Y   |
| TRK HEADER  |  N  |   Y   |  N  |   N   |
| PAYLOAD     |  N  |   Y   |  N  |   N   |
| DAQ TRAILER |  N  |   Y   |  Y  |   Y   |
-------------------------------------------

So, in code, we check in code order of bytes in DAQ header/trailer only:
-> if "old_vme_header",           then old format read out via vme, so do nothing.
-> else if "old_slink_header",    then data may be wrapped, so check additionally the TRK header:
---> if "old_slink_payload",       then old format read out via slink, so swap all data;
---> else if "new_buffer_format",  then new format, handled internally by Fed9UEvent, so do nothing.

Pattern matching to find DAQ and tracker headers, and DAQ trailer:
DAQ header,  4 bits, in field  |BOE_1|      with value 0x5
DAQ trailer, 4 bits, in field  |EOE_1|      with value 0xA
TRK header,  8 bits, in field  |Hdr format| with value 0xED or 0xC5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| SWAPPED?    |                                 DATA FORMAT                               |
| (wrt "OLD") |               OLD (0xED)            |               NEW (0xC5)            |
|             |       VME        |      SLINK       |       VME        |      SLINK       |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| DAQ HEADER  | ........5....... | 5............... | 5............... | 5............... |
| TRK HEADER  | ........ED...... | ED.............. | ........C5...... | ........C5...... |
| PAYLOAD     | ..........EA.... | ..EA............ | ..EA............ | ............EA.. | 
| DAQ TRAILER | ........A....... | A............... | A............... | A............... |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*/