PFDisplacedVertexFinder.cc

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#include <memory>

#include "RecoParticleFlow/PFTracking/interface/PFDisplacedVertexFinder.h"
#include "RecoParticleFlow/PFTracking/interface/PFTrackAlgoTools.h"

#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/Exception.h"

#include "DataFormats/TrackReco/interface/Track.h"
#include "DataFormats/VertexReco/interface/Vertex.h"

#include "RecoVertex/VertexPrimitives/interface/TransientVertex.h"
#include "RecoVertex/AdaptiveVertexFit/interface/AdaptiveVertexFitter.h"
#include "RecoVertex/KalmanVertexFit/interface/KalmanVertexSmoother.h"

#include "RecoVertex/KalmanVertexFit/interface/KalmanVertexFitter.h"

#include "Geometry/TrackerGeometryBuilder/interface/TrackerGeometry.h"
#include "Geometry/CommonDetUnit/interface/TrackingGeometry.h"

#include "MagneticField/Engine/interface/MagneticField.h"

#include "TMath.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace reco;

//for debug only
//#define PFLOW_DEBUG

PFDisplacedVertexFinder::PFDisplacedVertexFinder()
    : displacedVertexCandidates_(nullptr),
      displacedVertices_(new PFDisplacedVertexCollection),
      transvSize_(0.0),
      longSize_(0.0),
      primaryVertexCut_(0.0),
      tobCut_(0.0),
      tecCut_(0.0),
      minAdaptWeight_(2.0),
      debug_(false) {}

PFDisplacedVertexFinder::~PFDisplacedVertexFinder() {}

void PFDisplacedVertexFinder::setInput(
    const edm::Handle<reco::PFDisplacedVertexCandidateCollection>& displacedVertexCandidates) {
  if (displacedVertexCandidates.isValid()) {
    displacedVertexCandidates_ = displacedVertexCandidates.product();
  } else {
    displacedVertexCandidates_ = nullptr;
  }
}

// -------- Main function which find vertices -------- //

void PFDisplacedVertexFinder::findDisplacedVertices() {
  if (debug_)
    cout << "========= Start Find Displaced Vertices =========" << endl;

  // The vertexCandidates have not been passed to the event
  // So they need to be cleared is they are not empty
  if (displacedVertices_.get())
    displacedVertices_->clear();
  else
    displacedVertices_ = std::make_unique<PFDisplacedVertexCollection>();

  if (displacedVertexCandidates_ == nullptr) {
    edm::LogInfo("EmptyVertexInput")
        << "displacedVertexCandidates are not set or the setInput was called with invalid vertex";
    return;
  }

  // Prepare the collections
  PFDisplacedVertexSeedCollection tempDisplacedVertexSeeds;
  tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.reserve(4 * displacedVertexCandidates_->size());
  PFDisplacedVertexCollection tempDisplacedVertices;
  tempDisplacedVertices.reserve(4 * displacedVertexCandidates_->size());

  if (debug_)
    cout << "1) Parsing displacedVertexCandidates into displacedVertexSeeds" << endl;

  // 1) Parsing displacedVertexCandidates into displacedVertexSeeds which would
  // be later used for vertex fitting

  int i = -1;

  for (auto const& idvc : *displacedVertexCandidates_) {
    i++;
    if (debug_) {
      cout << "Analyse Vertex Candidate " << i << endl;
    }

    findSeedsFromCandidate(idvc, tempDisplacedVertexSeeds);
  }

  if (debug_)
    cout << "2) Merging Vertex Seeds" << endl;

  // 2) Some displacedVertexSeeds coming from different displacedVertexCandidates
  // may be closed enough to be merged together. bLocked is an array which keeps the
  // information about the seeds which are desabled.
  vector<bool> bLockedSeeds;
  bLockedSeeds.resize(tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.size());
  mergeSeeds(tempDisplacedVertexSeeds, bLockedSeeds);

  if (debug_)
    cout << "3) Fitting Vertices From Seeds" << endl;

  // 3) Fit displacedVertices from displacedVertexSeeds
  for (unsigned idv = 0; idv < tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.size(); idv++) {
    if (!tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv].isEmpty() && !bLockedSeeds[idv]) {
      PFDisplacedVertex displacedVertex;
      bLockedSeeds[idv] = fitVertexFromSeed(tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv], displacedVertex);
      if (!bLockedSeeds[idv])
        tempDisplacedVertices.emplace_back(displacedVertex);
    }
  }

  if (debug_)
    cout << "4) Rejecting Bad Vertices and label them" << endl;

  // 4) Reject displaced vertices which may be considered as fakes
  vector<bool> bLocked;
  bLocked.resize(tempDisplacedVertices.size());
  selectAndLabelVertices(tempDisplacedVertices, bLocked);

  if (debug_)
    cout << "5) Fill the Displaced Vertices" << endl;

  // 5) Fill the displacedVertex_ which would be transfered to the producer
  displacedVertices_->reserve(tempDisplacedVertices.size());

  for (unsigned idv = 0; idv < tempDisplacedVertices.size(); idv++)
    if (!bLocked[idv])
      displacedVertices_->push_back(tempDisplacedVertices[idv]);

  if (debug_)
    cout << "========= End Find Displaced Vertices =========" << endl;
}

// -------- Different steps of the finder algorithm -------- //

void PFDisplacedVertexFinder::findSeedsFromCandidate(const PFDisplacedVertexCandidate& vertexCandidate,
                                                     PFDisplacedVertexSeedCollection& tempDisplacedVertexSeeds) {
  const PFDisplacedVertexCandidate::DistMap r2Map = vertexCandidate.r2Map();
  bool bNeedNewCandidate = false;

  tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.push_back(PFDisplacedVertexSeed());

  IDVS idvc_current;

  for (PFDisplacedVertexCandidate::DistMap::const_iterator imap = r2Map.begin(); imap != r2Map.end(); imap++) {
    unsigned ie1 = (*imap).second.first;
    unsigned ie2 = (*imap).second.second;

    if (debug_)
      cout << "ie1 = " << ie1 << " ie2 = " << ie2 << " radius = " << sqrt((*imap).first) << endl;

    GlobalPoint dcaPoint = vertexCandidate.dcaPoint(ie1, ie2);
    if (fabs(dcaPoint.x()) > 1e9)
      continue;

    bNeedNewCandidate = true;
    for (idvc_current = tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.begin(); idvc_current != tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.end();
         idvc_current++) {
      if ((*idvc_current).isEmpty()) {
        bNeedNewCandidate = false;
        break;
      }
      const GlobalPoint vertexPoint = (*idvc_current).seedPoint();
      std::pair<float, float> diffs = getTransvLongDiff(vertexPoint, dcaPoint);
      if (diffs.second > longSize_)
        continue;
      if (diffs.first > transvSize_)
        continue;
      bNeedNewCandidate = false;
      break;
    }
    if (bNeedNewCandidate) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "create new displaced vertex" << endl;
      tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.push_back(PFDisplacedVertexSeed());
      idvc_current = tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.end();
      idvc_current--;
    }

    (*idvc_current).updateSeedPoint(dcaPoint, vertexCandidate.tref(ie1), vertexCandidate.tref(ie2));
  }
}

void PFDisplacedVertexFinder::mergeSeeds(PFDisplacedVertexSeedCollection& tempDisplacedVertexSeeds,
                                         vector<bool>& bLocked) {
  // loop over displaced vertex candidates
  // and merge them if they are close to each other
  for (unsigned idv_mother = 0; idv_mother < tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.size(); idv_mother++) {
    if (!bLocked[idv_mother]) {
      for (unsigned idv_daughter = idv_mother + 1; idv_daughter < tempDisplacedVertexSeeds.size(); idv_daughter++) {
        if (!bLocked[idv_daughter]) {
          if (isCloseTo(tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv_mother], tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv_daughter])) {
            tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv_mother].mergeWith(tempDisplacedVertexSeeds[idv_daughter]);
            bLocked[idv_daughter] = true;
            if (debug_)
              cout << "Seeds " << idv_mother << " and " << idv_daughter << " merged" << endl;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

bool PFDisplacedVertexFinder::fitVertexFromSeed(const PFDisplacedVertexSeed& displacedVertexSeed,
                                                PFDisplacedVertex& displacedVertex) {
  if (debug_)
    cout << "== Start vertexing procedure ==" << endl;

  // ---- Prepare transient track list ----

  auto const& tracksToFit = displacedVertexSeed.elements();
  const GlobalPoint& seedPoint = displacedVertexSeed.seedPoint();

  vector<TransientTrack> transTracks;
  vector<TransientTrack> transTracksRaw;
  vector<TrackBaseRef> transTracksRef;

  transTracks.reserve(tracksToFit.size());
  transTracksRaw.reserve(tracksToFit.size());
  transTracksRef.reserve(tracksToFit.size());

  TransientVertex theVertexAdaptiveRaw;
  TransientVertex theRecoVertex;

  // ---- 1) Clean for potentially poor seeds ------- //
  // --------------------------------------------- //

  if (tracksToFit.size() < 2) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Only one to Fit Track" << endl;
    return true;
  }

  double rho = sqrt(seedPoint.x() * seedPoint.x() + seedPoint.y() * seedPoint.y());
  double z = seedPoint.z();

  if (rho > tobCut_ || fabs(z) > tecCut_) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Seed Point out of the tracker rho = " << rho << " z = " << z << " nTracks = " << tracksToFit.size()
           << endl;
    return true;
  }

  if (debug_)
    displacedVertexSeed.Dump();

  int nStep45 = 0;
  int nNotIterative = 0;

  // Fill vectors of TransientTracks and TrackRefs after applying preselection cuts.
  for (auto const& ie : tracksToFit) {
    TransientTrack tmpTk(*(ie.get()), magField_, globTkGeomHandle_);
    transTracksRaw.emplace_back(tmpTk);
    bool nonIt = PFTrackAlgoTools::nonIterative((ie)->algo());
    bool step45 = PFTrackAlgoTools::step45((ie)->algo());
    bool highQ = PFTrackAlgoTools::highQuality((ie)->algo());
    if (step45)
      nStep45++;
    else if (nonIt)
      nNotIterative++;
    else if (!highQ) {
      nNotIterative++;
      nStep45++;
    }
  }

  if (rho > 25 && nStep45 + nNotIterative < 1) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Seed point at rho > 25 cm but no step 4-5 tracks" << endl;
    return true;
  }

  // ----------------------------------------------- //
  // ---- PRESELECT GOOD TRACKS FOR FINAL VERTEX --- //
  // ----------------------------------------------- //

  // 1)If only two track are found do not prefit

  if (transTracksRaw.size() == 2) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "No raw fit done" << endl;
    if (switchOff2TrackVertex_) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Due to probably high pile-up conditions 2 track vertices switched off" << endl;
      return true;
    }
    GlobalError globalError;

    theVertexAdaptiveRaw = TransientVertex(seedPoint, globalError, transTracksRaw, 1.);

  } else {  //branch with transTracksRaw.size of at least 3

    if (debug_)
      cout << "Raw fit done." << endl;

    AdaptiveVertexFitter theAdaptiveFitterRaw(GeometricAnnealing(sigmacut_, t_ini_, ratio_),
                                              DefaultLinearizationPointFinder(),
                                              KalmanVertexUpdator<5>(),
                                              KalmanVertexTrackCompatibilityEstimator<5>(),
                                              KalmanVertexSmoother());

    if (transTracksRaw.size() == 3) {
      theVertexAdaptiveRaw = theAdaptiveFitterRaw.vertex(transTracksRaw, seedPoint);

    } else if (transTracksRaw.size() < 1000) {

      if (debug_)
        cout << "First test with KFT" << endl;

      KalmanVertexFitter theKalmanFitter(true);
      theVertexAdaptiveRaw = theKalmanFitter.vertex(transTracksRaw, seedPoint);

      if (!theVertexAdaptiveRaw.isValid() || theVertexAdaptiveRaw.totalChiSquared() < 0.) {
        if (debug_)
          cout << "Prefit failed : valid? " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.isValid()
               << " totalChi2 = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.totalChiSquared() << endl;
        return true;
      }

      if (debug_)
        cout << "We use KFT instead of seed point to set up a point for AVF "
             << " x = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.position().x() << " y = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.position().y()
             << " z = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.position().z() << endl;

      // To save time: reject the Displaced vertex if it is too close to the beam pipe.
      // Frequently it is very big vertices, with some dosens of tracks

      Vertex vtx = theVertexAdaptiveRaw;
      rho = vtx.position().rho();

      //   cout << "primary vertex cut  = " << primaryVertexCut_ << endl;

      if (rho < primaryVertexCut_ || rho > 100) {
        if (debug_)
          cout << "KFT Vertex geometrically rejected with  tracks #rho = " << rho << endl;
        return true;
      }

      //     cout << "primary vertex cut  = " << primaryVertexCut_ << " rho = " << rho << endl;

      theVertexAdaptiveRaw = theAdaptiveFitterRaw.vertex(transTracksRaw, theVertexAdaptiveRaw.position());

    } else {
      edm::LogWarning("TooManyPFDVCandidates") << "gave up vertex reco for " << transTracksRaw.size() << " tracks";
    }

    if (!theVertexAdaptiveRaw.isValid() || theVertexAdaptiveRaw.totalChiSquared() < 0.) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Fit failed : valid? " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.isValid()
             << " totalChi2 = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.totalChiSquared() << endl;
      return true;
    }

    // To save time: reject the Displaced vertex if it is too close to the beam pipe.
    // Frequently it is very big vertices, with some dosens of tracks

    Vertex vtx = theVertexAdaptiveRaw;
    rho = vtx.position().rho();

    if (rho < primaryVertexCut_) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Vertex "
             << " geometrically rejected with " << transTracksRaw.size() << " tracks #rho = " << rho << endl;
      return true;
    }
  }

  // ---- Remove tracks with small weight or
  //      big first (last) hit_to_vertex distance
  //      and then refit                          ---- //

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < transTracksRaw.size(); i++) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Raw Weight track " << i << " = " << theVertexAdaptiveRaw.trackWeight(transTracksRaw[i]) << endl;

    if (theVertexAdaptiveRaw.trackWeight(transTracksRaw[i]) > minAdaptWeight_) {
      PFTrackHitFullInfo pattern = hitPattern_.analyze(tkerTopo_, tkerGeom_, tracksToFit[i], theVertexAdaptiveRaw);

      PFDisplacedVertex::VertexTrackType vertexTrackType = getVertexTrackType(pattern);

      if (vertexTrackType != PFDisplacedVertex::T_NOT_FROM_VERTEX) {
        bool bGoodTrack = helper_.isTrackSelected(transTracksRaw[i].track(), vertexTrackType);

        if (bGoodTrack) {
          transTracks.push_back(transTracksRaw[i]);
          transTracksRef.push_back(tracksToFit[i]);
        } else {
          if (debug_)
            cout << "Track rejected nChi2 = " << transTracksRaw[i].track().normalizedChi2()
                 << " pt = " << transTracksRaw[i].track().pt()
                 << " dxy (wrt (0,0,0)) = " << transTracksRaw[i].track().dxy()
                 << " nHits = " << transTracksRaw[i].track().numberOfValidHits() << " nOuterHits = "
                 << transTracksRaw[i].track().hitPattern().numberOfLostHits(HitPattern::MISSING_OUTER_HITS) << endl;
        }
      } else {
        if (debug_) {
          cout << "Remove track because too far away from the vertex:" << endl;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (debug_)
    cout << "All Tracks " << transTracksRaw.size() << " with good weight " << transTracks.size() << endl;

  // ---- Refit ---- //
  FitterType vtxFitter = F_NOTDEFINED;

  if (transTracks.size() < 2)
    return true;
  else if (transTracks.size() == 2) {
    if (switchOff2TrackVertex_) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Due to probably high pile-up conditions 2 track vertices switched off" << endl;
      return true;
    }
    vtxFitter = F_KALMAN;
  } else if (transTracks.size() > 2 && transTracksRaw.size() > transTracks.size())
    vtxFitter = F_ADAPTIVE;
  else if (transTracks.size() > 2 && transTracksRaw.size() == transTracks.size())
    vtxFitter = F_DONOTREFIT;
  else
    return true;

  if (debug_)
    cout << "Vertex Fitter " << vtxFitter << endl;

  if (vtxFitter == F_KALMAN) {
    KalmanVertexFitter theKalmanFitter(true);
    theRecoVertex = theKalmanFitter.vertex(transTracks, seedPoint);

  } else if (vtxFitter == F_ADAPTIVE) {
    AdaptiveVertexFitter theAdaptiveFitter(GeometricAnnealing(sigmacut_, t_ini_, ratio_),
                                           DefaultLinearizationPointFinder(),
                                           KalmanVertexUpdator<5>(),
                                           KalmanVertexTrackCompatibilityEstimator<5>(),
                                           KalmanVertexSmoother());

    theRecoVertex = theAdaptiveFitter.vertex(transTracks, seedPoint);

  } else if (vtxFitter == F_DONOTREFIT) {
    theRecoVertex = theVertexAdaptiveRaw;
  } else {
    return true;
  }

  // ---- Check if the fitted vertex is valid ---- //

  if (!theRecoVertex.isValid() || theRecoVertex.totalChiSquared() < 0.) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Refit failed : valid? " << theRecoVertex.isValid() << " totalChi2 = " << theRecoVertex.totalChiSquared()
           << endl;
    return true;
  }

  // ---- Create vertex ---- //

  Vertex theRecoVtx = theRecoVertex;

  double chi2 = theRecoVtx.chi2();
  double ndf = theRecoVtx.ndof();

  if (chi2 > TMath::ChisquareQuantile(0.95, ndf)) {
    if (debug_)
      cout << "Rejected because of chi2 = " << chi2 << " ndf = " << ndf
           << " confid. level: " << TMath::ChisquareQuantile(0.95, ndf) << endl;
    return true;
  }

  // ---- Create and fill vector of refitted TransientTracks ---- //

  // -----------------------------------------------//
  // ---- Prepare and Fill the Displaced Vertex ----//
  // -----------------------------------------------//

  displacedVertex = theRecoVtx;
  displacedVertex.removeTracks();

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < transTracks.size(); i++) {
    PFTrackHitFullInfo pattern = hitPattern_.analyze(tkerTopo_, tkerGeom_, transTracksRef[i], theRecoVertex);

    PFDisplacedVertex::VertexTrackType vertexTrackType = getVertexTrackType(pattern);

    Track refittedTrack;
    float weight = theRecoVertex.trackWeight(transTracks[i]);

    if (weight < minAdaptWeight_)
      continue;

    try {
      refittedTrack = theRecoVertex.refittedTrack(transTracks[i]).track();
    } catch (cms::Exception& exception) {
      continue;
    }

    if (debug_) {
      cout << "Vertex Track Type = " << vertexTrackType << endl;

      cout << "nHitBeforeVertex = " << pattern.first.first << " nHitAfterVertex = " << pattern.second.first
           << " nMissHitBeforeVertex = " << pattern.first.second << " nMissHitAfterVertex = " << pattern.second.second
           << " Weight = " << weight << endl;
    }

    displacedVertex.addElement(transTracksRef[i], refittedTrack, pattern, vertexTrackType, weight);
  }

  displacedVertex.setPrimaryDirection(helper_.primaryVertex());
  displacedVertex.calcKinematics();

  if (debug_)
    cout << "== End vertexing procedure ==" << endl;

  return false;
}

void PFDisplacedVertexFinder::selectAndLabelVertices(PFDisplacedVertexCollection& tempDisplacedVertices,
                                                     vector<bool>& bLocked) {
  if (debug_)
    cout << " 4.1) Reject vertices " << endl;

  for (unsigned idv = 0; idv < tempDisplacedVertices.size(); idv++) {
    // ---- We accept a vertex only if it is not in TOB in the barrel
    //      and not in TEC in the end caps
    //      and not too much before the first pixel layer            ---- //

    const float rho = tempDisplacedVertices[idv].position().rho();
    const float z = tempDisplacedVertices[idv].position().z();

    if (rho > tobCut_ || rho < primaryVertexCut_ || fabs(z) > tecCut_) {
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Vertex " << idv << " geometrically rejected #rho = " << rho << " z = " << z << endl;

      bLocked[idv] = true;

      continue;
    }

    unsigned nPrimary = tempDisplacedVertices[idv].nPrimaryTracks();
    unsigned nMerged = tempDisplacedVertices[idv].nMergedTracks();
    unsigned nSecondary = tempDisplacedVertices[idv].nSecondaryTracks();

    if (nPrimary + nMerged > 1) {
      bLocked[idv] = true;
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Vertex " << idv << " rejected because two primary or merged tracks" << endl;
    }

    if (nPrimary + nMerged + nSecondary < 2) {
      bLocked[idv] = true;
      if (debug_)
        cout << "Vertex " << idv << " rejected because only one track related to the vertex" << endl;
    }
  }

  if (debug_)
    cout << " 4.2) Check for common vertices" << endl;

  // ---- Among the remaining vertex we shall remove one
  //      of those which have two common tracks          ---- //

  for (unsigned idv_mother = 0; idv_mother < tempDisplacedVertices.size(); idv_mother++) {
    for (unsigned idv_daughter = idv_mother + 1; idv_daughter < tempDisplacedVertices.size(); idv_daughter++) {
      if (!bLocked[idv_daughter] && !bLocked[idv_mother]) {
        const unsigned commonTrks =
            commonTracks(tempDisplacedVertices[idv_daughter], tempDisplacedVertices[idv_mother]);

        if (commonTrks > 1) {
          if (debug_)
            cout << "Vertices " << idv_daughter << " and " << idv_mother << " has many common tracks" << endl;

          // We keep the vertex vertex which contains the most of the tracks

          const int mother_size = tempDisplacedVertices[idv_mother].nTracks();
          const int daughter_size = tempDisplacedVertices[idv_daughter].nTracks();

          if (mother_size > daughter_size)
            bLocked[idv_daughter] = true;
          else if (mother_size < daughter_size)
            bLocked[idv_mother] = true;
          else {
            // If they have the same size we keep the vertex with the best normalised chi2

            const float mother_normChi2 = tempDisplacedVertices[idv_mother].normalizedChi2();
            const float daughter_normChi2 = tempDisplacedVertices[idv_daughter].normalizedChi2();
            if (mother_normChi2 < daughter_normChi2)
              bLocked[idv_daughter] = true;
            else
              bLocked[idv_mother] = true;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  for (unsigned idv = 0; idv < tempDisplacedVertices.size(); idv++)
    if (!bLocked[idv])
      bLocked[idv] = rejectAndLabelVertex(tempDisplacedVertices[idv]);
}

bool PFDisplacedVertexFinder::rejectAndLabelVertex(PFDisplacedVertex& dv) {
  PFDisplacedVertex::VertexType vertexType = helper_.identifyVertex(dv);
  dv.setVertexType(vertexType);

  return dv.isFake();
}


bool PFDisplacedVertexFinder::isCloseTo(const PFDisplacedVertexSeed& dv1, const PFDisplacedVertexSeed& dv2) const {
  const GlobalPoint& vP1 = dv1.seedPoint();
  const GlobalPoint& vP2 = dv2.seedPoint();

  std::pair<float, float> diffs = getTransvLongDiff(vP1, vP2);
  if (diffs.second > longSize_)
    return false;
  if (diffs.first > transvSize_)
    return false;
  //  if (Delta_Long < longSize_ && Delta_Transv < transvSize_) isCloseTo = true;

  return true;
}

std::pair<float, float> PFDisplacedVertexFinder::getTransvLongDiff(const GlobalPoint& Ref,
                                                                   const GlobalPoint& ToProject) const {
  const auto& vRef = Ref.basicVector();
  const auto& vToProject = ToProject.basicVector();
  float vRefMag2 = vRef.mag2();
  float oneOverMag = 1.0f / sqrt(vRefMag2);

  return std::make_pair(fabs(vRef.cross(vToProject).mag() * oneOverMag),
                        fabs((vRef.dot(vToProject) - vRefMag2) * oneOverMag));
}

reco::PFDisplacedVertex::VertexTrackType PFDisplacedVertexFinder::getVertexTrackType(
    PFTrackHitFullInfo& pairTrackHitInfo) const {
  unsigned int nHitBeforeVertex = pairTrackHitInfo.first.first;
  unsigned int nHitAfterVertex = pairTrackHitInfo.second.first;

  unsigned int nMissHitBeforeVertex = pairTrackHitInfo.first.second;
  unsigned int nMissHitAfterVertex = pairTrackHitInfo.second.second;

  // For the moment those definitions are given apriori a more general study would be useful to refine those criteria

  if (nHitBeforeVertex <= 1 && nHitAfterVertex >= 3 && nMissHitAfterVertex <= 1)
    return PFDisplacedVertex::T_FROM_VERTEX;
  else if (nHitBeforeVertex >= 3 && nHitAfterVertex <= 1 && nMissHitBeforeVertex <= 1)
    return PFDisplacedVertex::T_TO_VERTEX;
  else if ((nHitBeforeVertex >= 2 && nHitAfterVertex >= 3) || (nHitBeforeVertex >= 3 && nHitAfterVertex >= 2))
    return PFDisplacedVertex::T_MERGED;
  else
    return PFDisplacedVertex::T_NOT_FROM_VERTEX;
}

unsigned PFDisplacedVertexFinder::commonTracks(const PFDisplacedVertex& v1, const PFDisplacedVertex& v2) const {
  vector<Track> vt1 = v1.refittedTracks();
  vector<Track> vt2 = v2.refittedTracks();

  unsigned commonTracks = 0;

  for (unsigned il1 = 0; il1 < vt1.size(); il1++) {
    unsigned il1_idx = v1.originalTrack(vt1[il1]).key();

    for (unsigned il2 = 0; il2 < vt2.size(); il2++)
      if (il1_idx == v2.originalTrack(vt2[il2]).key()) {
        commonTracks++;
        break;
      }
  }

  return commonTracks;
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const PFDisplacedVertexFinder& a) {
  if (!out)
    return out;
  out << setprecision(3) << setw(5) << endl;
  out << "" << endl;
  out << " ====================================== " << endl;
  out << " ====== Displaced Vertex Finder ======= " << endl;
  out << " ====================================== " << endl;
  out << " " << endl;

  a.helper_.Dump();
  out << "" << endl
      << " Adaptive Vertex Fitter parameters are :" << endl
      << " sigmacut = " << a.sigmacut_ << " T_ini = " << a.t_ini_ << " ratio = " << a.ratio_ << endl
      << endl;

  const std::unique_ptr<reco::PFDisplacedVertexCollection>& displacedVertices_ = std::move(a.displacedVertices());

  if (!displacedVertices_.get()) {
    out << "displacedVertex already transfered" << endl;
  } else {
    out << "Number of displacedVertices found : " << displacedVertices_->size() << endl << endl;

    int i = -1;

    for (PFDisplacedVertexFinder::IDV idv = displacedVertices_->begin(); idv != displacedVertices_->end(); idv++) {
      i++;
      out << i << " ";
      idv->Dump();
      out << "" << endl;
    }
  }

  return out;
}