SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm.cc

Go to the documentation of this file.

//class SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm SimTracker/SiPixelDigitizer/src/SiPixelDigitizerAlgoithm.cc

// Original Author Danek Kotlinski
// Ported in CMSSW by  Michele Pioppi-INFN perugia
// Added DB capabilities by F.Blekman, Cornell University
//         Created:  Mon Sep 26 11:08:32 CEST 2005
// Add tof, change AddNoise to tracked. 4/06
// Change drift direction. 6/06 d.k.
// Add the statuis (non-rate dependent) inefficiency.
//     -1 - no ineffciency
//      0 - static inefficency only
//    1,2 - low-lumi rate dependent inefficency added
//     10 - high-lumi inefficiency added
// Adopt the correct drift sign convetion from Morris Swartz. d.k. 8/06
// Add more complex misscalinbration, change kev/e to 3.61, diff=3.7,d.k.9/06
// Add the readout channel electronic noise. d.k. 3/07
// Lower the pixel noise from 500 to 175elec.
// Change the input threshold from noise units to electrons.
// Lower the amount of static dead pixels from 0.01 to 0.001.
// Modify to the new random number services. d.k. 5/07
// Protect against sigma=0 (delta tracks on the surface). d.k.5/07
// Change the TOF cut to lower and upper limit. d.k. 7/07
//
// July 2008: Split Lorentz Angle configuration in BPix/FPix (V. Cuplov)
// tanLorentzAngleperTesla_FPix=0.0912 and tanLorentzAngleperTesla_BPix=0.106
// Sept. 2008: Disable Pixel modules which are declared dead in the configuration python file. (V. Cuplov)
// Oct. 2008: Accessing/Reading the Lorentz angle from the DataBase instead of the cfg file. (V. Cuplov)
// Accessing dead modules from the DB. Implementation done and tested on a test.db
// Do not use this option for now. The PixelQuality Objects are not in the official DB yet.
// Feb. 2009: Split Fpix and Bpix threshold and use official numbers (V. Cuplov)
// ThresholdInElectrons_FPix = 2870 and ThresholdInElectrons_BPix = 3700
// update the electron to VCAL conversion using: VCAL_electrons = VCAL * 65.5 - 414
// Feb. 2009: Threshold gaussian smearing (V. Cuplov)
// March, 2009: changed DB access to *SimRcd objects (to de-couple the DB objects from reco chain) (F. Blekman)
// May, 2009: Pixel charge VCAL smearing. (V. Cuplov)
// November, 2009: new parameterization of the pixel response. (V. Cuplov)
// December, 2009: Fix issue with different compilers.
// October, 2010: Improvement: Removing single dead ROC (V. Cuplov)
// November, 2010: Bug fix in removing TBMB/A half-modules (V. Cuplov)
// February, 2011: Time improvement in DriftDirection()  (J. Bashir Butt)
// June, 2011: Bug Fix for pixels on ROC edges in module_killing_DB() (J. Bashir Butt)
// February, 2018: Implement cluster charge reweighting (P. Schuetze, with code from A. Hazi)
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

#include "SimGeneral/NoiseGenerators/interface/GaussianTailNoiseGenerator.h"

#include "DataFormats/SiPixelDigi/interface/PixelDigi.h"
#include "SimDataFormats/TrackerDigiSimLink/interface/PixelDigiSimLink.h"
#include "SimDataFormats/TrackingHit/interface/PSimHitContainer.h"
#include "SimTracker/Common/interface/SiG4UniversalFluctuation.h"
#include "SimTracker/SiPixelDigitizer/plugins/SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm.h"
#include "SimTracker/SiPixelDigitizer/plugins/SiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithm.h"

#include <gsl/gsl_sf_erf.h>
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/RandomNumberGenerator.h"
#include "CLHEP/Random/RandGaussQ.h"
#include "CLHEP/Random/RandFlat.h"
#include "CLHEP/Random/RandGeneral.h"

//#include "PixelIndices.h"
#include "DataFormats/SiPixelDetId/interface/PixelSubdetector.h"
#include "DataFormats/TrackerCommon/interface/TrackerTopology.h"
#include "Geometry/Records/interface/IdealGeometryRecord.h"

#include "FWCore/MessageLogger/interface/MessageLogger.h"
#include "FWCore/ParameterSet/interface/ParameterSet.h"
#include "FWCore/ServiceRegistry/interface/Service.h"
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/Exception.h"
#include "CalibTracker/SiPixelESProducers/interface/SiPixelGainCalibrationOfflineSimService.h"

// Accessing dead pixel modules from the DB:
#include "DataFormats/DetId/interface/DetId.h"

#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/GlobalPixel.h"

#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelFedCablingMap.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelFedCablingTree.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelFedCabling.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/PixelIndices.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelLorentzAngle.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelQuality.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/PixelROC.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/LocalPixel.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/CablingPathToDetUnit.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelDynamicInefficiency.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelFEDChannelContainer.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelQualityProbabilities.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixel2DTemplateDBObject.h"

#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/SiPixelFrameReverter.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/PixelFEDCabling.h"
#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/PixelFEDLink.h"
#include "DataFormats/FEDRawData/interface/FEDNumbering.h"
#include "SimDataFormats/PileupSummaryInfo/interface/PileupMixingContent.h"
#include "SimDataFormats/Track/interface/SimTrack.h"

// Geometry
#include "Geometry/TrackerGeometryBuilder/interface/TrackerGeometry.h"
#include "Geometry/CommonDetUnit/interface/PixelGeomDetUnit.h"

#include "CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/interface/PixelROC.h"

using namespace edm;
using namespace sipixelobjects;

void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::init(const edm::EventSetup& es) {
  if (use_ineff_from_db_) {  // load gain calibration service fromdb...
    theSiPixelGainCalibrationService_->setESObjects(es);
  }
  if (use_deadmodule_DB_) {
    SiPixelBadModule_ = &es.getData(SiPixelBadModuleToken_);
  }
  if (use_LorentzAngle_DB_) {
    // Get Lorentz angle from DB record
    SiPixelLorentzAngle_ = &es.getData(SiPixelLorentzAngleToken_);
  }
  //gets the map and geometry from the DB (to kill ROCs)
  map_ = &es.getData(mapToken_);
  geom_ = &es.getData(geomToken_);

  if (KillBadFEDChannels) {
    scenarioProbability_ = &es.getData(scenarioProbabilityToken_);
    quality_map = &es.getData(PixelFEDChannelCollectionMapToken_);

    SiPixelQualityProbabilities::probabilityMap m_probabilities = scenarioProbability_->getProbability_Map();
    std::vector<std::string> allScenarios;

    std::transform(quality_map->begin(),
                   quality_map->end(),
                   std::back_inserter(allScenarios),
                   [](const PixelFEDChannelCollectionMap::value_type& pair) { return pair.first; });

    std::vector<std::string> allScenariosInProb;

    for (auto it = m_probabilities.begin(); it != m_probabilities.end(); ++it) {
      //int PUbin = it->first;
      for (const auto& entry : it->second) {
        auto scenario = entry.first;
        auto probability = entry.second;
        if (probability != 0) {
          if (std::find(allScenariosInProb.begin(), allScenariosInProb.end(), scenario) == allScenariosInProb.end()) {
            allScenariosInProb.push_back(scenario);
          }
        }  // if prob!=0
      }    // loop on the scenarios for that PU bin
    }      // loop on PU bins

    std::vector<std::string> notFound;
    std::copy_if(allScenariosInProb.begin(),
                 allScenariosInProb.end(),
                 std::back_inserter(notFound),
                 [&allScenarios](const std::string& arg) {
                   return (std::find(allScenarios.begin(), allScenarios.end(), arg) == allScenarios.end());
                 });

    if (!notFound.empty()) {
      for (const auto& entry : notFound) {
        LogError("SiPixelFEDChannelContainer")
            << "The requested scenario: " << entry << " is not found in the map!! \n";
      }
      throw cms::Exception("SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm") << "Found: " << notFound.size()
                                                        << " missing scenario(s) in SiPixelStatusScenariosRcd while "
                                                           "present in SiPixelStatusScenarioProbabilityRcd \n";
    }
  }

  TheNewSiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithmClass->init(es);
}

//=========================================================================

SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm(const edm::ParameterSet& conf, edm::ConsumesCollector iC)
    : mapToken_(iC.esConsumes()),
      geomToken_(iC.esConsumes()),

      _signal(),
      makeDigiSimLinks_(conf.getUntrackedParameter<bool>("makeDigiSimLinks", true)),
      use_ineff_from_db_(conf.getParameter<bool>("useDB")),
      use_module_killing_(conf.getParameter<bool>("killModules")),       // boolean to kill or not modules
      use_deadmodule_DB_(conf.getParameter<bool>("DeadModules_DB")),     // boolean to access dead modules from DB
      use_LorentzAngle_DB_(conf.getParameter<bool>("LorentzAngle_DB")),  // boolean to access Lorentz angle from DB

      DeadModules(use_deadmodule_DB_ ? Parameters()
                                     : conf.getParameter<Parameters>("DeadModules")),  // get dead module from cfg file

      TheNewSiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithmClass(),

      // Common pixel parameters
      // These are parameters which are not likely to be changed
      GeVperElectron(3.61E-09),                             // 1 electron(3.61eV, 1keV(277e, mod 9/06 d.k.
      Sigma0(0.00037),                                      // Charge diffusion constant 7->3.7
      Dist300(0.0300),                                      //   normalized to 300micron Silicon
      alpha2Order(conf.getParameter<bool>("Alpha2Order")),  // switch on/off of E.B effect
      ClusterWidth(3.),                                     // Charge integration spread on the collection plane

      // get external parameters:
      // To account for upgrade geometries do not assume the number
      // of layers or disks.
      NumberOfBarrelLayers(conf.exists("NumPixelBarrel") ? conf.getParameter<int>("NumPixelBarrel") : 3),
      NumberOfEndcapDisks(conf.exists("NumPixelEndcap") ? conf.getParameter<int>("NumPixelEndcap") : 2),

      // ADC calibration 1adc count(135e.
      // Corresponds to 2adc/kev, 270[e/kev]/135[e/adc](2[adc/kev]
      // Be carefull, this parameter is also used in SiPixelDet.cc to
      // calculate the noise in adc counts from noise in electrons.
      // Both defaults should be the same.
      theElectronPerADC(conf.getParameter<double>("ElectronPerAdc")),

      // ADC saturation value, 255(8bit adc.
      //theAdcFullScale(conf.getUntrackedParameter<int>("AdcFullScale",255)),
      theAdcFullScale(conf.getParameter<int>("AdcFullScale")),

      // Noise in electrons:
      // Pixel cell noise, relevant for generating noisy pixels
      theNoiseInElectrons(conf.getParameter<double>("NoiseInElectrons")),

      // Fill readout noise, including all readout chain, relevant for smearing
      //theReadoutNoise(conf.getUntrackedParameter<double>("ReadoutNoiseInElec",500.)),
      theReadoutNoise(conf.getParameter<double>("ReadoutNoiseInElec")),

      // Pixel threshold in units of noise:
      // thePixelThreshold(conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdInNoiseUnits")),
      // Pixel threshold in electron units.
      theThresholdInE_FPix(conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdInElectrons_FPix")),
      theThresholdInE_BPix(conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdInElectrons_BPix")),
      theThresholdInE_BPix_L1(conf.exists("ThresholdInElectrons_BPix_L1")
                                  ? conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdInElectrons_BPix_L1")
                                  : theThresholdInE_BPix),
      theThresholdInE_BPix_L2(conf.exists("ThresholdInElectrons_BPix_L2")
                                  ? conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdInElectrons_BPix_L2")
                                  : theThresholdInE_BPix),

      // Add threshold gaussian smearing:
      theThresholdSmearing_FPix(conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdSmearing_FPix")),
      theThresholdSmearing_BPix(conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdSmearing_BPix")),
      theThresholdSmearing_BPix_L1(conf.exists("ThresholdSmearing_BPix_L1")
                                       ? conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdSmearing_BPix_L1")
                                       : theThresholdSmearing_BPix),
      theThresholdSmearing_BPix_L2(conf.exists("ThresholdSmearing_BPix_L2")
                                       ? conf.getParameter<double>("ThresholdSmearing_BPix_L2")
                                       : theThresholdSmearing_BPix),

      // electrons to VCAL conversion needed in misscalibrate()
      electronsPerVCAL(conf.getParameter<double>("ElectronsPerVcal")),
      electronsPerVCAL_Offset(conf.getParameter<double>("ElectronsPerVcal_Offset")),
      electronsPerVCAL_L1(conf.exists("ElectronsPerVcal_L1") ? conf.getParameter<double>("ElectronsPerVcal_L1")
                                                             : electronsPerVCAL),
      electronsPerVCAL_L1_Offset(conf.exists("ElectronsPerVcal_L1_Offset")
                                     ? conf.getParameter<double>("ElectronsPerVcal_L1_Offset")
                                     : electronsPerVCAL_Offset),

      //theTofCut 12.5, cut in particle TOD +/- 12.5ns
      //theTofCut(conf.getUntrackedParameter<double>("TofCut",12.5)),
      theTofLowerCut(conf.getParameter<double>("TofLowerCut")),
      theTofUpperCut(conf.getParameter<double>("TofUpperCut")),

      // Get the Lorentz angle from the cfg file:
      tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix(use_LorentzAngle_DB_ ? 0.0
                                                        : conf.getParameter<double>("TanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix")),
      tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix(use_LorentzAngle_DB_ ? 0.0
                                                        : conf.getParameter<double>("TanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix")),

      // signal response new parameterization: split Fpix and BPix
      FPix_p0(conf.getParameter<double>("FPix_SignalResponse_p0")),
      FPix_p1(conf.getParameter<double>("FPix_SignalResponse_p1")),
      FPix_p2(conf.getParameter<double>("FPix_SignalResponse_p2")),
      FPix_p3(conf.getParameter<double>("FPix_SignalResponse_p3")),

      BPix_p0(conf.getParameter<double>("BPix_SignalResponse_p0")),
      BPix_p1(conf.getParameter<double>("BPix_SignalResponse_p1")),
      BPix_p2(conf.getParameter<double>("BPix_SignalResponse_p2")),
      BPix_p3(conf.getParameter<double>("BPix_SignalResponse_p3")),

      // Add noise
      addNoise(conf.getParameter<bool>("AddNoise")),

      // Smear the pixel charge with a gaussian which RMS is a function of the
      // pixel charge (Danek's study)
      addChargeVCALSmearing(conf.getParameter<bool>("ChargeVCALSmearing")),

      // Add noisy pixels
      addNoisyPixels(conf.getParameter<bool>("AddNoisyPixels")),

      // Fluctuate charge in track subsegments
      fluctuateCharge(conf.getUntrackedParameter<bool>("FluctuateCharge", true)),

      // Control the pixel inefficiency
      AddPixelInefficiency(conf.getParameter<bool>("AddPixelInefficiency")),
      KillBadFEDChannels(conf.getParameter<bool>("KillBadFEDChannels")),

      // Add threshold gaussian smearing:
      addThresholdSmearing(conf.getParameter<bool>("AddThresholdSmearing")),

      // Get the constants for the miss-calibration studies
      doMissCalibrate(conf.getParameter<bool>("MissCalibrate")),       // Enable miss-calibration
      theGainSmearing(conf.getParameter<double>("GainSmearing")),      // sigma of the gain smearing
      theOffsetSmearing(conf.getParameter<double>("OffsetSmearing")),  //sigma of the offset smearing

      // Add pixel radiation damage for upgrade studies
      AddPixelAging(conf.getParameter<bool>("DoPixelAging")),
      UseReweighting(conf.getParameter<bool>("UseReweighting")),

      // delta cutoff in MeV, has to be same as in OSCAR(0.030/cmsim=1.0 MeV
      //tMax(0.030), // In MeV.
      //tMax(conf.getUntrackedParameter<double>("deltaProductionCut",0.030)),
      tMax(conf.getParameter<double>("deltaProductionCut")),

      fluctuate(fluctuateCharge ? new SiG4UniversalFluctuation() : nullptr),
      theNoiser(addNoise ? new GaussianTailNoiseGenerator() : nullptr),
      calmap(doMissCalibrate ? initCal() : std::map<int, CalParameters, std::less<int> >()),
      theSiPixelGainCalibrationService_(use_ineff_from_db_ ? new SiPixelGainCalibrationOfflineSimService(conf, iC)
                                                           : nullptr),
      pixelEfficiencies_(conf, AddPixelInefficiency, NumberOfBarrelLayers, NumberOfEndcapDisks),
      pixelAging_(conf, AddPixelAging, NumberOfBarrelLayers, NumberOfEndcapDisks) {
  if (use_deadmodule_DB_) {
    //string to specify SiPixelQuality label
    SiPixelBadModuleToken_ = iC.esConsumes(edm::ESInputTag("", conf.getParameter<std::string>("SiPixelQualityLabel")));
  }
  if (use_LorentzAngle_DB_) {
    SiPixelLorentzAngleToken_ = iC.esConsumes();
  }
  if (AddPixelInefficiency && !pixelEfficiencies_.FromConfig) {
    // TODO: in practice the bunchspacing is known at MixingModule
    // construction time, and thus we could declare the consumption of
    // the actual product. In principle, however, MixingModule is
    // capable of updating (parts of) its configuration from the
    // EventSetup, so if that capability is really needed we'd need to
    // invent something new (similar to mayConsume in the ESProducer
    // side). So for now, let's consume both payloads.
    SiPixelDynamicInefficiencyToken_ = iC.esConsumes();
  }
  if (KillBadFEDChannels) {
    scenarioProbabilityToken_ = iC.esConsumes();
    PixelFEDChannelCollectionMapToken_ = iC.esConsumes();
  }

  LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << "SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm constructed"
                             << "Configuration parameters:"
                             << "Threshold/Gain = "
                             << "threshold in electron FPix = " << theThresholdInE_FPix
                             << "threshold in electron BPix = " << theThresholdInE_BPix
                             << "threshold in electron BPix Layer1 = " << theThresholdInE_BPix_L1
                             << "threshold in electron BPix Layer2 = " << theThresholdInE_BPix_L2 << " "
                             << theElectronPerADC << " " << theAdcFullScale << " The delta cut-off is set to " << tMax
                             << " pix-inefficiency " << AddPixelInefficiency;

  TheNewSiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithmClass = std::make_unique<SiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithm>(conf, iC);
}

std::map<int, SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::CalParameters, std::less<int> > SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::initCal() const {
  std::map<int, SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::CalParameters, std::less<int> > calmap;
  // Prepare for the analog amplitude miss-calibration
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " miss-calibrate the pixel amplitude \n";

  const bool ReadCalParameters = false;
  if (ReadCalParameters) {  // Read the calibration files from file
    // read the calibration constants from a file (testing only)
    std::ifstream in_file;  // data file pointer
    char filename[80] = "phCalibrationFit_C0.dat";

    in_file.open(filename, std::ios::in);  // in C++
    if (in_file.bad()) {
      LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " File not found \n ";
      return calmap;  // signal error
    }
    LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " file opened : " << filename << "\n";

    char line[500];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      in_file.getline(line, 500, '\n');
      LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << line << "\n";
    }

    LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " test map"
                               << "\n";

    float par0, par1, par2, par3;
    int colid, rowid;
    std::string name;
    // Read MC tracks
    for (int i = 0; i < (52 * 80); i++) {  // loop over tracks
      in_file >> par0 >> par1 >> par2 >> par3 >> name >> colid >> rowid;
      if (in_file.bad()) {  // check for errors
        LogError("PixelDigitizer") << "Cannot read data file for calmap"
                                   << "\n";
        return calmap;
      }
      if (in_file.eof() != 0) {
        LogError("PixelDigitizer") << "calmap " << in_file.eof() << " " << in_file.gcount() << " " << in_file.fail()
                                   << " " << in_file.good() << " end of file "
                                   << "\n";
        return calmap;
      }

      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " line " << i << " " << par0 << " " << par1 << " " << par2 << " " << par3 << " "
                                  << colid << " " << rowid << "\n";

      CalParameters onePix;
      onePix.p0 = par0;
      onePix.p1 = par1;
      onePix.p2 = par2;
      onePix.p3 = par3;

      // Convert ROC pixel index to channel
      int chan = PixelIndices::pixelToChannelROC(rowid, colid);
      calmap.insert(std::pair<int, CalParameters>(chan, onePix));

      // Testing the index conversion, can be skipped
      std::pair<int, int> p = PixelIndices::channelToPixelROC(chan);
      if (rowid != p.first)
        LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " wrong channel row " << rowid << " " << p.first << "\n";
      if (colid != p.second)
        LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " wrong channel col " << colid << " " << p.second << "\n";

    }  // pixel loop in a ROC

    LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " map size  " << calmap.size() << " max " << calmap.max_size() << " "
                               << calmap.empty() << "\n";

    //     LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << " map size  " << calmap.size()  << "\n";
    //     map<int,CalParameters,std::less<int> >::iterator ix,it;
    //     map<int,CalParameters,std::less<int> >::const_iterator ip;
    //     for (ix = calmap.begin(); ix != calmap.end(); ++ix) {
    //       int i = (*ix).first;
    //       std::pair<int,int> p = channelToPixelROC(i);
    //       it  = calmap.find(i);
    //       CalParameters y  = (*it).second;
    //       CalParameters z = (*ix).second;
    //       LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << i <<" "<<p.first<<" "<<p.second<<" "<<y.p0<<" "<<z.p0<<" "<<calmap[i].p0<<"\n";

    //       //int dummy=0;
    //       //cin>>dummy;
    //     }

  }  // end if readparameters
  return calmap;
}  // end initCal()

//=========================================================================
SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::~SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm() {
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer") << "SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm deleted";
}

// Read DynIneff Scale factors from Configuration
SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::PixelEfficiencies::PixelEfficiencies(const edm::ParameterSet& conf,
                                                                bool AddPixelInefficiency,
                                                                int NumberOfBarrelLayers,
                                                                int NumberOfEndcapDisks) {
  // pixel inefficiency
  // Don't use Hard coded values, read inefficiencies in from DB/python config or don't use any
  int NumberOfTotLayers = NumberOfBarrelLayers + NumberOfEndcapDisks;
  FPixIndex = NumberOfBarrelLayers;
  if (AddPixelInefficiency) {
    FromConfig = conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix1") && conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix2") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix3") && conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix1") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix2") && conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_BPix1") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_BPix2") && conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_BPix3") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_FPix1") && conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_FPix2") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix1") && conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix2") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix3") && conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix1") &&
                 conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix2");
    if (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3)
      FromConfig = FromConfig && conf.exists("theLadderEfficiency_BPix1") && conf.exists("theLadderEfficiency_BPix2") &&
                   conf.exists("theLadderEfficiency_BPix3") && conf.exists("theModuleEfficiency_BPix1") &&
                   conf.exists("theModuleEfficiency_BPix2") && conf.exists("theModuleEfficiency_BPix3") &&
                   conf.exists("thePUEfficiency_BPix1") && conf.exists("thePUEfficiency_BPix2") &&
                   conf.exists("thePUEfficiency_BPix3") && conf.exists("theInnerEfficiency_FPix1") &&
                   conf.exists("theInnerEfficiency_FPix2") && conf.exists("theOuterEfficiency_FPix1") &&
                   conf.exists("theOuterEfficiency_FPix2") && conf.exists("thePUEfficiency_FPix_Inner") &&
                   conf.exists("thePUEfficiency_FPix_Outer") && conf.exists("theInstLumiScaleFactor");
    if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 4)
      FromConfig = FromConfig && conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix4") &&
                   conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_BPix4") && conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix4");
    if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 3)
      FromConfig = FromConfig && conf.exists("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix3") &&
                   conf.exists("thePixelEfficiency_FPix3") && conf.exists("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix3");
    if (FromConfig) {
      LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << "The PixelDigitizer inefficiency configuration is read from the config file.\n";
      theInstLumiScaleFactor = conf.getParameter<double>("theInstLumiScaleFactor");
      int i = 0;
      thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix1");
      thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix2");
      thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix3");
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 4) {
        thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_BPix4");
      }
      //
      i = 0;
      thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_BPix1");
      thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_BPix2");
      thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_BPix3");
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 4) {
        thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_BPix4");
      }
      //
      i = 0;
      thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix1");
      thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix2");
      thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix3");
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 4) {
        thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_BPix4");
      }
      //
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3) {
        i = 0;
        theLadderEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theLadderEfficiency_BPix1");
        theLadderEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theLadderEfficiency_BPix2");
        theLadderEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theLadderEfficiency_BPix3");
        if (((theLadderEfficiency_BPix[0].size() != 20) || (theLadderEfficiency_BPix[1].size() != 32) ||
             (theLadderEfficiency_BPix[2].size() != 44)) &&
            (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3))
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "Wrong ladder number in efficiency config!";
        //
        i = 0;
        theModuleEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theModuleEfficiency_BPix1");
        theModuleEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theModuleEfficiency_BPix2");
        theModuleEfficiency_BPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("theModuleEfficiency_BPix3");
        if (((theModuleEfficiency_BPix[0].size() != 4) || (theModuleEfficiency_BPix[1].size() != 4) ||
             (theModuleEfficiency_BPix[2].size() != 4)) &&
            (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3))
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "Wrong module number in efficiency config!";
        //
        thePUEfficiency.push_back(conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("thePUEfficiency_BPix1"));
        thePUEfficiency.push_back(conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("thePUEfficiency_BPix2"));
        thePUEfficiency.push_back(conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("thePUEfficiency_BPix3"));
        if (((thePUEfficiency[0].empty()) || (thePUEfficiency[1].empty()) || (thePUEfficiency[2].empty())) &&
            (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3))
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration")
              << "At least one PU efficiency (BPix) number is needed in efficiency config!";
      }
      // The next is needed for Phase2 Tracker studies
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 5) {
        if (NumberOfTotLayers > 20) {
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "SiPixelDigitizer was given more layers than it can handle";
        }
        // For Phase2 tracker layers just set the outermost BPix inefficiency to 99.9% THESE VALUES ARE HARDCODED ALSO ELSEWHERE IN THIS FILE
        for (int j = 5; j <= NumberOfBarrelLayers; j++) {
          thePixelColEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
          thePixelEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
          thePixelChipEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
        }
      }
      //
      i = FPixIndex;
      thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix1");
      thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix2");
      if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 3) {
        thePixelColEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelColEfficiency_FPix3");
      }
      i = FPixIndex;
      thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_FPix1");
      thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_FPix2");
      if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 3) {
        thePixelEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelEfficiency_FPix3");
      }
      i = FPixIndex;
      thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix1");
      thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix2");
      if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 3) {
        thePixelChipEfficiency[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelChipEfficiency_FPix3");
      }
      // The next is needed for Phase2 Tracker studies
      if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 4) {
        if (NumberOfTotLayers > 20) {
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "SiPixelDigitizer was given more layers than it can handle";
        }
        // For Phase2 tracker layers just set the extra FPix disk inefficiency to 99.9% THESE VALUES ARE HARDCODED ALSO ELSEWHERE IN THIS FILE
        for (int j = 4 + FPixIndex; j <= NumberOfEndcapDisks + NumberOfBarrelLayers; j++) {
          thePixelColEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
          thePixelEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
          thePixelChipEfficiency[j - 1] = 0.999;
        }
      }
      //FPix Dynamic Inefficiency
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3) {
        i = FPixIndex;
        theInnerEfficiency_FPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("theInnerEfficiency_FPix1");
        theInnerEfficiency_FPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("theInnerEfficiency_FPix2");
        i = FPixIndex;
        theOuterEfficiency_FPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("theOuterEfficiency_FPix1");
        theOuterEfficiency_FPix[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("theOuterEfficiency_FPix2");
        thePUEfficiency.push_back(conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("thePUEfficiency_FPix_Inner"));
        thePUEfficiency.push_back(conf.getParameter<std::vector<double> >("thePUEfficiency_FPix_Outer"));
        if (((thePUEfficiency[3].empty()) || (thePUEfficiency[4].empty())) && (NumberOfEndcapDisks == 2))
          throw cms::Exception("Configuration")
              << "At least one (FPix) PU efficiency number is needed in efficiency config!";
        pu_scale.resize(thePUEfficiency.size());
      }
    } else
      LogInfo("PixelDigitizer ") << "The PixelDigitizer inefficiency configuration is read from the database.\n";
  }
  // the first "NumberOfBarrelLayers" settings [0],[1], ... , [NumberOfBarrelLayers-1] are for the barrel pixels
  // the next  "NumberOfEndcapDisks"  settings [NumberOfBarrelLayers],[NumberOfBarrelLayers+1], ... [NumberOfEndcapDisks+NumberOfBarrelLayers-1]
}

// Read DynIneff Scale factors from DB
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::init_DynIneffDB(const edm::EventSetup& es) {
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " In SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::init_DynIneffDB " << AddPixelInefficiency << "  "
                              << pixelEfficiencies_.FromConfig << "\n";
  if (AddPixelInefficiency && !pixelEfficiencies_.FromConfig) {
    SiPixelDynamicInefficiency_ = &es.getData(SiPixelDynamicInefficiencyToken_);
    pixelEfficiencies_.init_from_db(geom_, SiPixelDynamicInefficiency_);
  }
}

void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::PixelEfficiencies::init_from_db(
    const TrackerGeometry* geom, const SiPixelDynamicInefficiency* SiPixelDynamicInefficiency) {
  theInstLumiScaleFactor = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->gettheInstLumiScaleFactor();
  const std::map<uint32_t, double>& PixelGeomFactorsDBIn = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->getPixelGeomFactors();
  const std::map<uint32_t, double>& ColGeomFactorsDB = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->getColGeomFactors();
  const std::map<uint32_t, double>& ChipGeomFactorsDB = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->getChipGeomFactors();
  const std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<double> >& PUFactors = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->getPUFactors();
  std::vector<uint32_t> DetIdmasks = SiPixelDynamicInefficiency->getDetIdmasks();

  // Loop on all modules, initialize map for easy access
  for (const auto& it_module : geom->detUnits()) {
    if (dynamic_cast<PixelGeomDetUnit const*>(it_module) == nullptr)
      continue;
    const DetId detid = it_module->geographicalId();
    uint32_t rawid = detid.rawId();
    PixelGeomFactors[rawid] = 1;
    ColGeomFactors[rawid] = 1;
    ChipGeomFactors[rawid] = 1;
    PixelGeomFactorsROCStdPixels[rawid] = std::vector<double>(16, 1);
    PixelGeomFactorsROCBigPixels[rawid] = std::vector<double>(16, 1);
  }

  // ROC level inefficiency for phase 1 (disentangle scale factors for big and std size pixels)
  std::map<uint32_t, double> PixelGeomFactorsDB;

  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " Check PixelEfficiencies -- PixelGeomFactorsDBIn "
                              << "\n";
  if (geom->isThere(GeomDetEnumerators::P1PXB) || geom->isThere(GeomDetEnumerators::P1PXEC)) {
    for (auto db_factor : PixelGeomFactorsDBIn) {
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "      db_factor  " << db_factor.first << "  " << db_factor.second << "\n";

      int shift = DetId(db_factor.first).subdetId() == static_cast<int>(PixelSubdetector::PixelBarrel) ? BPixRocIdShift
                                                                                                       : FPixRocIdShift;
      unsigned int rocMask = rocIdMaskBits << shift;
      unsigned int rocId = (((db_factor.first) & rocMask) >> shift);
      if (rocId != 0) {
        rocId--;
        unsigned int rawid = db_factor.first & (~rocMask);
        const PixelGeomDetUnit* theGeomDet = dynamic_cast<const PixelGeomDetUnit*>(geom->idToDet(rawid));
        PixelTopology const* topology = &(theGeomDet->specificTopology());
        const int nPixelsInROC = topology->rowsperroc() * topology->colsperroc();
        const int nBigPixelsInROC = 2 * topology->rowsperroc() + topology->colsperroc() - 2;
        double factor = db_factor.second;
        double badFraction = 1 - factor;
        double bigPixelFraction = static_cast<double>(nBigPixelsInROC) / nPixelsInROC;
        double stdPixelFraction = 1. - bigPixelFraction;

        double badFractionBig = std::min(bigPixelFraction, badFraction);
        double badFractionStd = std::max(0., badFraction - badFractionBig);
        double badFractionBigReNormalized = badFractionBig / bigPixelFraction;
        double badFractionStdReNormalized = badFractionStd / stdPixelFraction;
        PixelGeomFactorsROCStdPixels[rawid][rocId] *= (1. - badFractionStdReNormalized);
        PixelGeomFactorsROCBigPixels[rawid][rocId] *= (1. - badFractionBigReNormalized);
      } else {
        PixelGeomFactorsDB[db_factor.first] = db_factor.second;
      }
    }
  }  // is Phase 1 geometry
  else {
    PixelGeomFactorsDB = PixelGeomFactorsDBIn;
  }

  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ")
      << " Check PixelEfficiencies -- Loop on all modules and store module level geometrical scale factors  "
      << "\n";
  // Loop on all modules, store module level geometrical scale factors
  for (const auto& it_module : geom->detUnits()) {
    if (dynamic_cast<PixelGeomDetUnit const*>(it_module) == nullptr)
      continue;
    const DetId detid = it_module->geographicalId();
    uint32_t rawid = detid.rawId();
    for (auto db_factor : PixelGeomFactorsDB) {
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "      db_factor PixelGeomFactorsDB  " << db_factor.first << "  "
                                  << db_factor.second << "\n";
      if (matches(detid, DetId(db_factor.first), DetIdmasks))
        PixelGeomFactors[rawid] *= db_factor.second;
    }
    for (auto db_factor : ColGeomFactorsDB) {
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "      db_factor ColGeomFactorsDB  " << db_factor.first << "  " << db_factor.second
                                  << "\n";
      if (matches(detid, DetId(db_factor.first), DetIdmasks))
        ColGeomFactors[rawid] *= db_factor.second;
    }
    for (auto db_factor : ChipGeomFactorsDB) {
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "      db_factor ChipGeomFactorsDB  " << db_factor.first << "  "
                                  << db_factor.second << "\n";
      if (matches(detid, DetId(db_factor.first), DetIdmasks))
        ChipGeomFactors[rawid] *= db_factor.second;
    }
  }

  // piluep scale factors are calculated once per event
  // therefore vector index is stored in a map for each module that matches to a db_id
  size_t i = 0;
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " Check PixelEfficiencies -- PUFactors "
                              << "\n";
  for (const auto& factor : PUFactors) {
    //
    LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "      factor  " << factor.first << "  " << factor.second.size() << "\n";
    for (size_t i = 0, n = factor.second.size(); i < n; i++) {
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << "     print factor.second for " << i << "   " << factor.second[i] << "\n";
    }
    //
    const DetId db_id = DetId(factor.first);
    for (const auto& it_module : geom->detUnits()) {
      if (dynamic_cast<PixelGeomDetUnit const*>(it_module) == nullptr)
        continue;
      const DetId detid = it_module->geographicalId();
      if (!matches(detid, db_id, DetIdmasks))
        continue;
      if (iPU.count(detid.rawId())) {
        throw cms::Exception("Database")
            << "Multiple db_ids match to same module in SiPixelDynamicInefficiency DB Object";
      } else {
        iPU[detid.rawId()] = i;
      }
    }
    thePUEfficiency.push_back(factor.second);
    ++i;
  }
  pu_scale.resize(thePUEfficiency.size());
}

bool SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::PixelEfficiencies::matches(const DetId& detid,
                                                           const DetId& db_id,
                                                           const std::vector<uint32_t>& DetIdmasks) {
  if (detid.subdetId() != db_id.subdetId())
    return false;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < DetIdmasks.size(); ++i) {
    DetId maskid = DetId(DetIdmasks.at(i));
    if (maskid.subdetId() != db_id.subdetId())
      continue;
    if ((detid.rawId() & maskid.rawId()) != (db_id.rawId() & maskid.rawId()) &&
        (db_id.rawId() & maskid.rawId()) != DetId(db_id.det(), db_id.subdetId()).rawId())
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::PixelAging::PixelAging(const edm::ParameterSet& conf,
                                                  bool AddAging,
                                                  int NumberOfBarrelLayers,
                                                  int NumberOfEndcapDisks) {
  // pixel aging
  // Don't use Hard coded values, read aging in from python or don't use any
  if (AddAging) {
    int NumberOfTotLayers = NumberOfBarrelLayers + NumberOfEndcapDisks;
    FPixIndex = NumberOfBarrelLayers;

    int i = 0;
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_BPix1");
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_BPix2");
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_BPix3");
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_BPix4");

    // to be removed when Gaelle will have the phase2 digitizer
    if (NumberOfBarrelLayers >= 5) {
      if (NumberOfTotLayers > 20) {
        throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "SiPixelDigitizer was given more layers than it can handle";
      }
      // For Phase2 tracker layers just set the outermost BPix aging 0.
      for (int j = 5; j <= NumberOfBarrelLayers; j++) {
        thePixelPseudoRadDamage[j - 1] = 0.;
      }
    }
    //
    i = FPixIndex;
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_FPix1");
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_FPix2");
    thePixelPseudoRadDamage[i++] = conf.getParameter<double>("thePixelPseudoRadDamage_FPix3");

    //To be removed when Phase2 digitizer will be available
    if (NumberOfEndcapDisks >= 4) {
      if (NumberOfTotLayers > 20) {
        throw cms::Exception("Configuration") << "SiPixelDigitizer was given more layers than it can handle";
      }
      // For Phase2 tracker layers just set the extra FPix disk aging to 0. BE CAREFUL THESE VALUES ARE HARDCODED ALSO ELSEWHERE IN THIS FILE
      for (int j = 4 + FPixIndex; j <= NumberOfEndcapDisks + NumberOfBarrelLayers; j++) {
        thePixelPseudoRadDamage[j - 1] = 0.;
      }
    }
  }
  // the first "NumberOfBarrelLayers" settings [0],[1], ... , [NumberOfBarrelLayers-1] are for the barrel pixels
  // the next  "NumberOfEndcapDisks"  settings [NumberOfBarrelLayers],[NumberOfBarrelLayers+1], ... [NumberOfEndcapDisks+NumberOfBarrelLayers-1]
}

//=========================================================================
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::accumulateSimHits(std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator inputBegin,
                                                  std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator inputEnd,
                                                  const size_t inputBeginGlobalIndex,
                                                  const unsigned int tofBin,
                                                  const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                                  const GlobalVector& bfield,
                                                  const TrackerTopology* tTopo,
                                                  CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
  // produce SignalPoint's for all SimHit's in detector
  // Loop over hits

  uint32_t detId = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
  size_t simHitGlobalIndex = inputBeginGlobalIndex;  // This needs to stored to create the digi-sim link later
  for (std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator ssbegin = inputBegin; ssbegin != inputEnd; ++ssbegin, ++simHitGlobalIndex) {
    // skip hits not in this detector.
    if ((*ssbegin).detUnitId() != detId) {
      continue;
    }

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << (*ssbegin).particleType() << " " << (*ssbegin).pabs() << " "
                                << (*ssbegin).energyLoss() << " " << (*ssbegin).tof() << " " << (*ssbegin).trackId()
                                << " " << (*ssbegin).processType() << " " << (*ssbegin).detUnitId()
                                << (*ssbegin).entryPoint() << " " << (*ssbegin).exitPoint();
#endif

    std::vector<EnergyDepositUnit> ionization_points;
    std::vector<SignalPoint> collection_points;

    // fill collection_points for this SimHit, indpendent of topology
    // Check the TOF cut
    if (((*ssbegin).tof() - pixdet->surface().toGlobal((*ssbegin).localPosition()).mag() / 30.) >= theTofLowerCut &&
        ((*ssbegin).tof() - pixdet->surface().toGlobal((*ssbegin).localPosition()).mag() / 30.) <= theTofUpperCut) {
      primary_ionization(*ssbegin, ionization_points, engine);  // fills _ionization_points
      drift(*ssbegin,
            pixdet,
            bfield,
            tTopo,
            ionization_points,
            collection_points);  // transforms _ionization_points to collection_points
      // compute induced signal on readout elements and add to _signal
      induce_signal(inputBegin,
                    inputEnd,
                    *ssbegin,
                    simHitGlobalIndex,
                    inputBeginGlobalIndex,
                    tofBin,
                    pixdet,
                    collection_points);  // 1st 3 args needed only for SimHit<-->Digi link
    }                                    //  end if
  }                                      // end for
}

//============================================================================
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::calculateInstlumiFactor(PileupMixingContent* puInfo) {
  //Instlumi scalefactor calculating for dynamic inefficiency

  if (puInfo) {
    const std::vector<int>& bunchCrossing = puInfo->getMix_bunchCrossing();
    const std::vector<float>& TrueInteractionList = puInfo->getMix_TrueInteractions();
    //const int bunchSpacing = puInfo->getMix_bunchSpacing();

    int pui = 0, p = 0;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu0 = bunchCrossing.end();

    for (pu = bunchCrossing.begin(); pu != bunchCrossing.end(); ++pu) {
      if (*pu == 0) {
        pu0 = pu;
        p = pui;
      }
      pui++;
    }
    if (pu0 != bunchCrossing.end()) {
      for (size_t i = 0, n = pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency.size(); i < n; i++) {
        double instlumi = TrueInteractionList.at(p) * pixelEfficiencies_.theInstLumiScaleFactor;
        double instlumi_pow = 1.;
        pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] = 0;
        for (size_t j = 0; j < pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency[i].size(); j++) {
          pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] += instlumi_pow * pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency[i][j];
          instlumi_pow *= instlumi;
        }
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 0, n = pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency.size(); i < n; i++) {
      pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] = 1.;
    }
  }
}

//============================================================================
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::calculateInstlumiFactor(const std::vector<PileupSummaryInfo>& ps, int bunchSpacing) {
  int p = -1;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++)
    if (ps[i].getBunchCrossing() == 0)
      p = i;

  if (p >= 0) {
    for (size_t i = 0, n = pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency.size(); i < n; i++) {
      double instlumi = ps[p].getTrueNumInteractions() * pixelEfficiencies_.theInstLumiScaleFactor;
      double instlumi_pow = 1.;
      pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] = 0;
      for (size_t j = 0; j < pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency[i].size(); j++) {
        pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] += instlumi_pow * pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency[i][j];
        instlumi_pow *= instlumi;
      }
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 0, n = pixelEfficiencies_.thePUEfficiency.size(); i < n; i++) {
      pixelEfficiencies_.pu_scale[i] = 1.;
    }
  }
}

// ==========  StuckTBMs

bool SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::killBadFEDChannels() const { return KillBadFEDChannels; }

std::unique_ptr<PixelFEDChannelCollection> SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::chooseScenario(
    const std::vector<PileupSummaryInfo>& ps, CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
  std::unique_ptr<PixelFEDChannelCollection> PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = nullptr;
  pixelEfficiencies_.PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = nullptr;

  std::vector<int> bunchCrossing;
  std::vector<float> TrueInteractionList;

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
    bunchCrossing.push_back(ps[i].getBunchCrossing());
    TrueInteractionList.push_back(ps[i].getTrueNumInteractions());
  }

  int pui = 0, p = 0;
  std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu;
  std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu0 = bunchCrossing.end();

  for (pu = bunchCrossing.begin(); pu != bunchCrossing.end(); ++pu) {
    if (*pu == 0) {
      pu0 = pu;
      p = pui;
    }
    pui++;
  }

  if (pu0 != bunchCrossing.end()) {
    unsigned int PUBin = TrueInteractionList.at(p);  // case delta PU=1, fix me
    const auto& theProbabilitiesPerScenario = scenarioProbability_->getProbabilities(PUBin);
    std::vector<double> probabilities;
    probabilities.reserve(theProbabilitiesPerScenario.size());
    for (auto it = theProbabilitiesPerScenario.begin(); it != theProbabilitiesPerScenario.end(); it++) {
      probabilities.push_back(it->second);
    }

    CLHEP::RandGeneral randGeneral(*engine, &(probabilities.front()), probabilities.size());
    double x = randGeneral.shoot();
    unsigned int index = x * probabilities.size() - 1;
    const std::string& scenario = theProbabilitiesPerScenario.at(index).first;

    PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = std::make_unique<PixelFEDChannelCollection>(quality_map->at(scenario));
    pixelEfficiencies_.PixelFEDChannelCollection_ =
        std::make_unique<PixelFEDChannelCollection>(quality_map->at(scenario));
  }

  return PixelFEDChannelCollection_;
}

std::unique_ptr<PixelFEDChannelCollection> SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::chooseScenario(PileupMixingContent* puInfo,
                                                                                     CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
  //Determine scenario to use for the current event based on pileup information

  std::unique_ptr<PixelFEDChannelCollection> PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = nullptr;
  pixelEfficiencies_.PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = nullptr;
  if (puInfo) {
    const std::vector<int>& bunchCrossing = puInfo->getMix_bunchCrossing();
    const std::vector<float>& TrueInteractionList = puInfo->getMix_TrueInteractions();

    int pui = 0, p = 0;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu;
    std::vector<int>::const_iterator pu0 = bunchCrossing.end();

    for (pu = bunchCrossing.begin(); pu != bunchCrossing.end(); ++pu) {
      if (*pu == 0) {
        pu0 = pu;
        p = pui;
      }
      pui++;
    }

    if (pu0 != bunchCrossing.end()) {
      unsigned int PUBin = TrueInteractionList.at(p);  // case delta PU=1, fix me
      const auto& theProbabilitiesPerScenario = scenarioProbability_->getProbabilities(PUBin);
      std::vector<double> probabilities;
      probabilities.reserve(theProbabilitiesPerScenario.size());
      for (auto it = theProbabilitiesPerScenario.begin(); it != theProbabilitiesPerScenario.end(); it++) {
        probabilities.push_back(it->second);
      }

      CLHEP::RandGeneral randGeneral(*engine, &(probabilities.front()), probabilities.size());
      double x = randGeneral.shoot();
      unsigned int index = x * probabilities.size() - 1;
      const std::string& scenario = theProbabilitiesPerScenario.at(index).first;

      PixelFEDChannelCollection_ = std::make_unique<PixelFEDChannelCollection>(quality_map->at(scenario));
      pixelEfficiencies_.PixelFEDChannelCollection_ =
          std::make_unique<PixelFEDChannelCollection>(quality_map->at(scenario));
    }
  }
  return PixelFEDChannelCollection_;
}

//============================================================================
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::setSimAccumulator(const std::map<uint32_t, std::map<int, int> >& signalMap) {
  for (const auto& det : signalMap) {
    auto& theSignal = _signal[det.first];
    for (const auto& chan : det.second) {
      theSignal[chan.first].set(chan.second *
                                theElectronPerADC);  // will get divided again by theElectronPerAdc in digitize...
    }
  }
}

//============================================================================
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::digitize(const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                         std::vector<PixelDigi>& digis,
                                         std::vector<PixelDigiSimLink>& simlinks,
                                         const TrackerTopology* tTopo,
                                         CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
  // Pixel Efficiency moved from the constructor to this method because
  // the information of the det are not available in the constructor
  // Efficiency parameters. 0 - no inefficiency, 1-low lumi, 10-high lumi

  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
  const signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

  // Noise already defined in electrons
  // thePixelThresholdInE = thePixelThreshold * theNoiseInElectrons ;
  // Find the threshold in noise units, needed for the noiser.

  float thePixelThresholdInE = 0.;

  if (theNoiseInElectrons > 0.) {
    if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel() && pixdet->type().isBarrel()) {  // Barrel modules
      int lay = tTopo->layer(detID);
      if (addThresholdSmearing) {
        if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelBarrel ||
            pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXB) {
          if (lay == 1) {
            thePixelThresholdInE = CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(
                engine, theThresholdInE_BPix_L1, theThresholdSmearing_BPix_L1);  // gaussian smearing
          } else if (lay == 2) {
            thePixelThresholdInE = CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(
                engine, theThresholdInE_BPix_L2, theThresholdSmearing_BPix_L2);  // gaussian smearing
          } else {
            thePixelThresholdInE =
                CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(engine, theThresholdInE_BPix, theThresholdSmearing_BPix);  // gaussian smearing
          }
        }
      } else {
        if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelBarrel ||
            pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXB) {
          if (lay == 1) {
            thePixelThresholdInE = theThresholdInE_BPix_L1;
          } else if (lay == 2) {
            thePixelThresholdInE = theThresholdInE_BPix_L2;
          } else {
            thePixelThresholdInE = theThresholdInE_BPix;  // no smearing
          }
        }
      }
    } else if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel()) {  // Forward disks modules
      if (addThresholdSmearing) {
        thePixelThresholdInE =
            CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(engine, theThresholdInE_FPix, theThresholdSmearing_FPix);  // gaussian smearing
      } else {
        thePixelThresholdInE = theThresholdInE_FPix;  // no smearing
      }
    } else {
      throw cms::Exception("NotAPixelGeomDetUnit") << "Not a pixel geomdet unit" << detID;
    }
  }

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  const PixelTopology* topol = &pixdet->specificTopology();
  int numColumns = topol->ncolumns();  // det module number of cols&rows
  int numRows = topol->nrows();
  // full detector thickness
  float moduleThickness = pixdet->specificSurface().bounds().thickness();
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer") << " PixelDigitizer " << numColumns << " " << numRows << " " << moduleThickness;
#endif

  if (addNoise)
    add_noise(pixdet, thePixelThresholdInE / theNoiseInElectrons, engine);  // generate noise

  // Do only if needed

  if ((AddPixelInefficiency) && (!theSignal.empty()))
    pixel_inefficiency(pixelEfficiencies_, pixdet, tTopo, engine);  // Kill some pixels

  if (use_ineff_from_db_ && (!theSignal.empty()))
    pixel_inefficiency_db(detID);

  if (use_module_killing_) {
    if (use_deadmodule_DB_) {  // remove dead modules using DB
      module_killing_DB(detID);
    } else {  // remove dead modules using the list in cfg file
      module_killing_conf(detID);
    }
  }

  make_digis(thePixelThresholdInE, detID, pixdet, digis, simlinks, tTopo);

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("PixelDigitizer") << "[SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm] converted " << digis.size() << " PixelDigis in DetUnit"
                             << detID;
#endif
}

//***********************************************************************/
// Generate primary ionization along the track segment.
// Divide the track into small sub-segments
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::primary_ionization(const PSimHit& hit,
                                                   std::vector<EnergyDepositUnit>& ionization_points,
                                                   CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) const {
  // Straight line approximation for trajectory inside active media

  const float SegmentLength = 0.0010;  //10microns in cm
  float energy;

  // Get the 3D segment direction vector
  LocalVector direction = hit.exitPoint() - hit.entryPoint();

  float eLoss = hit.energyLoss();  // Eloss in GeV
  float length = direction.mag();  // Track length in Silicon

  int NumberOfSegments = int(length / SegmentLength);  // Number of segments
  if (NumberOfSegments < 1)
    NumberOfSegments = 1;

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter primary_ionzation " << NumberOfSegments
                              << " shift = " << (hit.exitPoint().x() - hit.entryPoint().x()) << " "
                              << (hit.exitPoint().y() - hit.entryPoint().y()) << " "
                              << (hit.exitPoint().z() - hit.entryPoint().z()) << " " << hit.particleType() << " "
                              << hit.pabs();
#endif

  float* elossVector = new float[NumberOfSegments];  // Eloss vector

  if (fluctuateCharge) {
    //MP DA RIMUOVERE ASSOLUTAMENTE
    int pid = hit.particleType();
    //int pid=211;  // assume it is a pion

    float momentum = hit.pabs();
    // Generate fluctuated charge points
    fluctuateEloss(pid, momentum, eLoss, length, NumberOfSegments, elossVector, engine);
  }

  ionization_points.resize(NumberOfSegments);  // set size

  // loop over segments
  for (int i = 0; i != NumberOfSegments; i++) {
    // Divide the segment into equal length subsegments
    Local3DPoint point = hit.entryPoint() + float((i + 0.5) / NumberOfSegments) * direction;

    if (fluctuateCharge)
      energy = elossVector[i] / GeVperElectron;  // Convert charge to elec.
    else
      energy = hit.energyLoss() / GeVperElectron / float(NumberOfSegments);

    EnergyDepositUnit edu(energy, point);  //define position,energy point
    ionization_points[i] = edu;            // save

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << i << " " << ionization_points[i].x() << " " << ionization_points[i].y() << " "
                                << ionization_points[i].z() << " " << ionization_points[i].energy();
#endif

  }  // end for loop

  delete[] elossVector;
}
//******************************************************************************

// Fluctuate the charge comming from a small (10um) track segment.
// Use the G4 routine. For mip pions for the moment.
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::fluctuateEloss(int pid,
                                               float particleMomentum,
                                               float eloss,
                                               float length,
                                               int NumberOfSegs,
                                               float elossVector[],
                                               CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) const {
  // Get dedx for this track
  //float dedx;
  //if( length > 0.) dedx = eloss/length;
  //else dedx = eloss;

  double particleMass = 139.6;  // Mass in MeV, Assume pion
  pid = std::abs(pid);
  if (pid != 211) {  // Mass in MeV
    if (pid == 11)
      particleMass = 0.511;
    else if (pid == 13)
      particleMass = 105.7;
    else if (pid == 321)
      particleMass = 493.7;
    else if (pid == 2212)
      particleMass = 938.3;
  }
  // What is the track segment length.
  float segmentLength = length / NumberOfSegs;

  // Generate charge fluctuations.
  float de = 0.;
  float sum = 0.;
  double segmentEloss = (1000. * eloss) / NumberOfSegs;  //eloss in MeV
  for (int i = 0; i < NumberOfSegs; i++) {
    //       material,*,   momentum,energy,*, *,  mass
    //myglandz_(14.,segmentLength,2.,2.,dedx,de,0.14);
    // The G4 routine needs momentum in MeV, mass in Mev, delta-cut in MeV,
    // track segment length in mm, segment eloss in MeV
    // Returns fluctuated eloss in MeV
    double deltaCutoff = tMax;  // the cutoff is sometimes redefined inside, so fix it.
    de = fluctuate->SampleFluctuations(double(particleMomentum * 1000.),
                                       particleMass,
                                       deltaCutoff,
                                       double(segmentLength * 10.),
                                       segmentEloss,
                                       engine) /
         1000.;  //convert to GeV
    elossVector[i] = de;
    sum += de;
  }

  if (sum > 0.) {  // If fluctuations give eloss>0.
    // Rescale to the same total eloss
    float ratio = eloss / sum;

    for (int ii = 0; ii < NumberOfSegs; ii++)
      elossVector[ii] = ratio * elossVector[ii];
  } else {  // If fluctuations gives 0 eloss
    float averageEloss = eloss / NumberOfSegs;
    for (int ii = 0; ii < NumberOfSegs; ii++)
      elossVector[ii] = averageEloss;
  }
  return;
}

//*******************************************************************************
// Drift the charge segments to the sensor surface (collection plane)
// Include the effect of E-field and B-field
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::drift(const PSimHit& hit,
                                      const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                      const GlobalVector& bfield,
                                      const TrackerTopology* tTopo,
                                      const std::vector<EnergyDepositUnit>& ionization_points,
                                      std::vector<SignalPoint>& collection_points) const {
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter drift ";
#endif

  collection_points.resize(ionization_points.size());  // set size

  LocalVector driftDir = DriftDirection(pixdet, bfield, hit.detUnitId());  // get the charge drift direction
  if (driftDir.z() == 0.) {
    LogWarning("Magnetic field") << " pxlx: drift in z is zero ";
    return;
  }

  // tangent of Lorentz angle
  //float TanLorenzAngleX = driftDir.x()/driftDir.z();
  //float TanLorenzAngleY = 0.; // force to 0, driftDir.y()/driftDir.z();

  float TanLorenzAngleX, TanLorenzAngleY, dir_z, CosLorenzAngleX, CosLorenzAngleY;
  if (alpha2Order) {
    TanLorenzAngleX = driftDir.x();  // tangen of Lorentz angle
    TanLorenzAngleY = driftDir.y();
    dir_z = driftDir.z();                                                 // The z drift direction
    CosLorenzAngleX = 1. / sqrt(1. + TanLorenzAngleX * TanLorenzAngleX);  //cosine
    CosLorenzAngleY = 1. / sqrt(1. + TanLorenzAngleY * TanLorenzAngleY);  //cosine;

  } else {
    TanLorenzAngleX = driftDir.x();
    TanLorenzAngleY = 0.;                                                 // force to 0, driftDir.y()/driftDir.z();
    dir_z = driftDir.z();                                                 // The z drift direction
    CosLorenzAngleX = 1. / sqrt(1. + TanLorenzAngleX * TanLorenzAngleX);  //cosine to estimate the path length
    CosLorenzAngleY = 1.;
  }

  float moduleThickness = pixdet->specificSurface().bounds().thickness();
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " Lorentz Tan " << TanLorenzAngleX << " " << TanLorenzAngleY << " " << CosLorenzAngleX
                              << " " << CosLorenzAngleY << " " << moduleThickness * TanLorenzAngleX << " " << driftDir;
#endif

  float Sigma_x = 1.;  // Charge spread
  float Sigma_y = 1.;
  float DriftDistance;  // Distance between charge generation and collection
  float DriftLength;    // Actual Drift Lentgh
  float Sigma;

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != ionization_points.size(); i++) {
    float SegX, SegY, SegZ;  // position
    SegX = ionization_points[i].x();
    SegY = ionization_points[i].y();
    SegZ = ionization_points[i].z();

    // Distance from the collection plane
    //DriftDistance = (moduleThickness/2. + SegZ); // Drift to -z
    // Include explixitely the E drift direction (for CMS dir_z=-1)
    DriftDistance = moduleThickness / 2. - (dir_z * SegZ);  // Drift to -z

    if (DriftDistance <= 0.)
      LogDebug("PixelDigitizer ") << " <=0 " << DriftDistance << " " << i << " " << SegZ << " " << dir_z << " " << SegX
                                  << " " << SegY << " " << (moduleThickness / 2) << " " << ionization_points[i].energy()
                                  << " " << hit.particleType() << " " << hit.pabs() << " " << hit.energyLoss() << " "
                                  << hit.entryPoint() << " " << hit.exitPoint() << "\n";

    if (DriftDistance < 0.) {
      DriftDistance = 0.;
    } else if (DriftDistance > moduleThickness)
      DriftDistance = moduleThickness;

    // Assume full depletion now, partial depletion will come later.
    float XDriftDueToMagField = DriftDistance * TanLorenzAngleX;
    float YDriftDueToMagField = DriftDistance * TanLorenzAngleY;

    // Shift cloud center
    float CloudCenterX = SegX + XDriftDueToMagField;
    float CloudCenterY = SegY + YDriftDueToMagField;

    // Calculate how long is the charge drift path
    DriftLength = sqrt(DriftDistance * DriftDistance + XDriftDueToMagField * XDriftDueToMagField +
                       YDriftDueToMagField * YDriftDueToMagField);

    // What is the charge diffusion after this path
    Sigma = sqrt(DriftLength / Dist300) * Sigma0;

    // Project the diffusion sigma on the collection plane
    Sigma_x = Sigma / CosLorenzAngleX;
    Sigma_y = Sigma / CosLorenzAngleY;

    // Insert a charge loss due to Rad Damage here
    float energyOnCollector = ionization_points[i].energy();  // The energy that reaches the collector

    // add pixel aging
    if (AddPixelAging) {
      float kValue = pixel_aging(pixelAging_, pixdet, tTopo);
      energyOnCollector *= exp(-1 * kValue * DriftDistance / moduleThickness);
    }

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " Dift DistanceZ= " << DriftDistance << " module thickness= " << moduleThickness
                                << " Start Energy= " << ionization_points[i].energy()
                                << " Energy after loss= " << energyOnCollector;
#endif
    SignalPoint sp(CloudCenterX, CloudCenterY, Sigma_x, Sigma_y, hit.tof(), energyOnCollector);

    // Load the Charge distribution parameters
    collection_points[i] = (sp);

  }  // loop over ionization points, i.

}  // end drift

//*************************************************************************
// Induce the signal on the collection plane of the active sensor area.
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::induce_signal(std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator inputBegin,
                                              std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator inputEnd,
                                              const PSimHit& hit,
                                              const size_t hitIndex,
                                              const size_t FirstHitIndex,
                                              const unsigned int tofBin,
                                              const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                              const std::vector<SignalPoint>& collection_points) {
  // X  - Rows, Left-Right, 160, (1.6cm)   for barrel
  // Y  - Columns, Down-Up, 416, (6.4cm)

  const PixelTopology* topol = &pixdet->specificTopology();
  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter induce_signal, " << topol->pitch().first << " " << topol->pitch().second;  //OK
#endif

  // local map to store pixels hit by 1 Hit.
  typedef std::map<int, float, std::less<int> > hit_map_type;
  hit_map_type hit_signal;

  // map to store pixel integrals in the x and in the y directions
  std::map<int, float, std::less<int> > x, y;

  // Assign signals to readout channels and store sorted by channel number

  // Iterate over collection points on the collection plane
  for (std::vector<SignalPoint>::const_iterator i = collection_points.begin(); i != collection_points.end(); ++i) {
    float CloudCenterX = i->position().x();  // Charge position in x
    float CloudCenterY = i->position().y();  //                 in y
    float SigmaX = i->sigma_x();             // Charge spread in x
    float SigmaY = i->sigma_y();             //               in y
    float Charge = i->amplitude();           // Charge amplitude

    if (SigmaX == 0 || SigmaY == 0) {
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << SigmaX << " " << SigmaY << " cloud " << i->position().x() << " "
                                  << i->position().y() << " " << i->sigma_x() << " " << i->sigma_y() << " "
                                  << i->amplitude() << "\n";
    }

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " cloud " << i->position().x() << " " << i->position().y() << " " << i->sigma_x()
                                << " " << i->sigma_y() << " " << i->amplitude();
#endif

    // Find the maximum cloud spread in 2D plane , assume 3*sigma
    float CloudRight = CloudCenterX + ClusterWidth * SigmaX;
    float CloudLeft = CloudCenterX - ClusterWidth * SigmaX;
    float CloudUp = CloudCenterY + ClusterWidth * SigmaY;
    float CloudDown = CloudCenterY - ClusterWidth * SigmaY;

    // Define 2D cloud limit points
    LocalPoint PointRightUp = LocalPoint(CloudRight, CloudUp);
    LocalPoint PointLeftDown = LocalPoint(CloudLeft, CloudDown);

    // This points can be located outside the sensor area.
    // The conversion to measurement point does not check for that
    // so the returned pixel index might be wrong (outside range).
    // We rely on the limits check below to fix this.
    // But remember whatever we do here THE CHARGE OUTSIDE THE ACTIVE
    // PIXEL AREA IS LOST, it should not be collected.

    // Convert the 2D points to pixel indices
    MeasurementPoint mp = topol->measurementPosition(PointRightUp);  //OK

    int IPixRightUpX = int(floor(mp.x()));
    int IPixRightUpY = int(floor(mp.y()));

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " right-up " << PointRightUp << " " << mp.x() << " " << mp.y() << " " << IPixRightUpX
                                << " " << IPixRightUpY;
#endif

    mp = topol->measurementPosition(PointLeftDown);  //OK

    int IPixLeftDownX = int(floor(mp.x()));
    int IPixLeftDownY = int(floor(mp.y()));

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    emd::LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " left-down " << PointLeftDown << " " << mp.x() << " " << mp.y() << " "
                                     << IPixLeftDownX << " " << IPixLeftDownY;
#endif

    // Check detector limits to correct for pixels outside range.
    int numColumns = topol->ncolumns();  // det module number of cols&rows
    int numRows = topol->nrows();

    IPixRightUpX = numRows > IPixRightUpX ? IPixRightUpX : numRows - 1;
    IPixRightUpY = numColumns > IPixRightUpY ? IPixRightUpY : numColumns - 1;
    IPixLeftDownX = 0 < IPixLeftDownX ? IPixLeftDownX : 0;
    IPixLeftDownY = 0 < IPixLeftDownY ? IPixLeftDownY : 0;

    x.clear();  // clear temporary integration array
    y.clear();

    // First integrate charge strips in x
    int ix;                                               // TT for compatibility
    for (ix = IPixLeftDownX; ix <= IPixRightUpX; ix++) {  // loop over x index
      float xUB, xLB, UpperBound, LowerBound;

      // Why is set to 0 if ix=0, does it meen that we accept charge
      // outside the sensor? CHeck How it was done in ORCA?
      //if(ix == 0) LowerBound = 0.;
      if (ix == 0 || SigmaX == 0.)  // skip for surface segemnts
        LowerBound = 0.;
      else {
        mp = MeasurementPoint(float(ix), 0.0);
        xLB = topol->localPosition(mp).x();
        LowerBound = 1 - calcQ((xLB - CloudCenterX) / SigmaX);
      }

      if (ix == numRows - 1 || SigmaX == 0.)
        UpperBound = 1.;
      else {
        mp = MeasurementPoint(float(ix + 1), 0.0);
        xUB = topol->localPosition(mp).x();
        UpperBound = 1. - calcQ((xUB - CloudCenterX) / SigmaX);
      }

      float TotalIntegrationRange = UpperBound - LowerBound;  // get strip
      x[ix] = TotalIntegrationRange;                          // save strip integral
      if (SigmaX == 0 || SigmaY == 0)
        LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << TotalIntegrationRange << " " << ix << "\n";
    }

    // Now integrate strips in y
    int iy;                                               // TT for compatibility
    for (iy = IPixLeftDownY; iy <= IPixRightUpY; iy++) {  //loope over y ind
      float yUB, yLB, UpperBound, LowerBound;

      if (iy == 0 || SigmaY == 0.)
        LowerBound = 0.;
      else {
        mp = MeasurementPoint(0.0, float(iy));
        yLB = topol->localPosition(mp).y();
        LowerBound = 1. - calcQ((yLB - CloudCenterY) / SigmaY);
      }

      if (iy == numColumns - 1 || SigmaY == 0.)
        UpperBound = 1.;
      else {
        mp = MeasurementPoint(0.0, float(iy + 1));
        yUB = topol->localPosition(mp).y();
        UpperBound = 1. - calcQ((yUB - CloudCenterY) / SigmaY);
      }

      float TotalIntegrationRange = UpperBound - LowerBound;
      y[iy] = TotalIntegrationRange;  // save strip integral
      if (SigmaX == 0 || SigmaY == 0)
        LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << TotalIntegrationRange << " " << iy << "\n";
    }

    // Get the 2D charge integrals by folding x and y strips
    int chan;
    for (ix = IPixLeftDownX; ix <= IPixRightUpX; ix++) {    // loop over x index
      for (iy = IPixLeftDownY; iy <= IPixRightUpY; iy++) {  //loope over y ind

        float ChargeFraction = Charge * x[ix] * y[iy];

        if (ChargeFraction > 0.) {
          chan = PixelDigi::pixelToChannel(ix, iy);  // Get index
          // Load the amplitude
          hit_signal[chan] += ChargeFraction;
        }  // endif

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
        mp = MeasurementPoint(float(ix), float(iy));
        LocalPoint lp = topol->localPosition(mp);
        chan = topol->channel(lp);
        LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " pixel " << ix << " " << iy << " - "
                                    << " " << chan << " " << ChargeFraction << " " << mp.x() << " " << mp.y() << " "
                                    << lp.x() << " " << lp.y() << " "  // givex edge position
                                    << chan;                           // edge belongs to previous ?
#endif

      }  // endfor iy
    }    //endfor ix

  }  // loop over charge distributions

  // Fill the global map with all hit pixels from this event

  bool reweighted = false;
  //  size_t ReferenceIndex4CR=0;
  if (UseReweighting) {
    if (hit.processType() == 0) {
      //  ReferenceIndex4CR=hitIndex;
      reweighted = TheNewSiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithmClass->hitSignalReweight(
          hit, hit_signal, hitIndex, tofBin, topol, detID, theSignal, hit.processType(), makeDigiSimLinks_);
    } else {
      std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator crSimHit = inputBegin;
      //  ReferenceIndex4CR=FirstHitIndex;
      // if the first hit in the same detId is not associated to the same trackId, try to find a better match
      if ((*inputBegin).trackId() != hit.trackId()) {
        // loop over all the hit from the 1st in the same detId to the hit itself to find the primary particle of the same trackId
        uint32_t detId = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
        size_t localIndex = FirstHitIndex;
        for (std::vector<PSimHit>::const_iterator ssbegin = inputBegin; localIndex < hitIndex;
             ++ssbegin, ++localIndex) {
          if ((*ssbegin).detUnitId() != detId) {
            continue;
          }
          if ((*ssbegin).trackId() == hit.trackId() && (*ssbegin).processType() == 0) {
            crSimHit = ssbegin;
            //  ReferenceIndex4CR=localIndex;
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      reweighted = TheNewSiPixelChargeReweightingAlgorithmClass->hitSignalReweight(
          (*crSimHit), hit_signal, hitIndex, tofBin, topol, detID, theSignal, hit.processType(), makeDigiSimLinks_);
    }
  }
  if (!reweighted) {
    for (hit_map_type::const_iterator im = hit_signal.begin(); im != hit_signal.end(); ++im) {
      int chan = (*im).first;
      theSignal[chan] += (makeDigiSimLinks_ ? Amplitude((*im).second, &hit, hitIndex, tofBin, (*im).second)
                                            : Amplitude((*im).second, (*im).second));

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
      std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(chan);
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " pixel " << ip.first << " " << ip.second << " " << theSignal[chan];
#endif
    }
  }

}  // end induce_signal

/***********************************************************************/

// Build pixels, check threshold, add misscalibration, ...
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::make_digis(float thePixelThresholdInE,
                                           uint32_t detID,
                                           const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                           std::vector<PixelDigi>& digis,
                                           std::vector<PixelDigiSimLink>& simlinks,
                                           const TrackerTopology* tTopo) const {
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " make digis "
                              << " "
                              << " pixel threshold FPix" << theThresholdInE_FPix << " "
                              << " pixel threshold BPix" << theThresholdInE_BPix << " "
                              << " pixel threshold BPix Layer1" << theThresholdInE_BPix_L1 << " "
                              << " pixel threshold BPix Layer2" << theThresholdInE_BPix_L2 << " "
                              << " List pixels passing threshold ";
#endif

  // Loop over hit pixels

  signalMaps::const_iterator it = _signal.find(detID);
  if (it == _signal.end()) {
    return;
  }

  const signal_map_type& theSignal = (*it).second;

  // unsigned long is enough to store SimTrack id and EncodedEventId
  using TrackEventId = std::pair<decltype(SimTrack().trackId()), decltype(EncodedEventId().rawId())>;
  std::map<TrackEventId, float> simi;  // re-used

  for (signal_map_const_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
    float signalInElectrons = (*i).second;  // signal in electrons

    // Do the miss calibration for calibration studies only.
    //if(doMissCalibrate) signalInElectrons = missCalibrate(signalInElectrons)

    // Do only for pixels above threshold

    if (signalInElectrons >= thePixelThresholdInE &&
        signalInElectrons > 0.) {  // check threshold, always reject killed (0-charge) digis

      int chan = (*i).first;  // channel number
      std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(chan);
      int adc = 0;  // ADC count as integer

      // Do the miss calibration for calibration studies only.
      if (doMissCalibrate) {
        int row = ip.first;                                                           // X in row
        int col = ip.second;                                                          // Y is in col
        adc = int(missCalibrate(detID, tTopo, pixdet, col, row, signalInElectrons));  //full misscalib.
      } else {                                             // Just do a simple electron->adc conversion
        adc = int(signalInElectrons / theElectronPerADC);  // calibrate gain
      }
      adc = std::min(adc, theAdcFullScale);  // Check maximum value
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << (*i).first << " " << (*i).second << " " << signalInElectrons << " " << adc
                                  << ip.first << " " << ip.second;
#endif

      // Load digis
      digis.emplace_back(ip.first, ip.second, adc);

      if (makeDigiSimLinks_ && !(*i).second.hitInfos().empty()) {
        //digilink
        unsigned int il = 0;
        for (const auto& info : (*i).second.hitInfos()) {
          // note: according to C++ standard operator[] does
          // value-initializiation, which for float means initial value of 0
          simi[std::make_pair(info.trackId(), info.eventId().rawId())] += (*i).second.individualampl()[il];
          il++;
        }

        //sum the contribution of the same trackid
        for (const auto& info : (*i).second.hitInfos()) {
          // skip if track already processed
          auto found = simi.find(std::make_pair(info.trackId(), info.eventId().rawId()));
          if (found == simi.end())
            continue;

          float sum_samechannel = found->second;
          float fraction = sum_samechannel / (*i).second;
          if (fraction > 1.f)
            fraction = 1.f;

          // Approximation: pick hitIndex and tofBin only from the first SimHit
          simlinks.emplace_back((*i).first, info.trackId(), info.hitIndex(), info.tofBin(), info.eventId(), fraction);
          simi.erase(found);
        }
        simi.clear();  // although should be empty already
      }
    }
  }
}

/***********************************************************************/

//  Add electronic noise to pixel charge
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::add_noise(const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                          float thePixelThreshold,
                                          CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter add_noise " << theNoiseInElectrons;
#endif

  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

  // First add noise to hit pixels
  float theSmearedChargeRMS = 0.0;

  for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); i++) {
    if (addChargeVCALSmearing) {
      if ((*i).second < 3000) {
        theSmearedChargeRMS = 543.6 - (*i).second * 0.093;
      } else if ((*i).second < 6000) {
        theSmearedChargeRMS = 307.6 - (*i).second * 0.01;
      } else {
        theSmearedChargeRMS = -432.4 + (*i).second * 0.123;
      }

      // Noise from Vcal smearing:
      float noise_ChargeVCALSmearing = theSmearedChargeRMS * CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(engine, 0., 1.);
      // Noise from full readout:
      float noise = CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(engine, 0., theReadoutNoise);

      if (((*i).second + Amplitude(noise + noise_ChargeVCALSmearing, -1.)) < 0.) {
        (*i).second.set(0);
      } else {
        (*i).second += Amplitude(noise + noise_ChargeVCALSmearing, -1.);
      }

    }  // End if addChargeVCalSmearing
    else {
      // Noise: ONLY full READOUT Noise.
      // Use here the FULL readout noise, including TBM,ALT,AOH,OPT-REC.
      float noise = CLHEP::RandGaussQ::shoot(engine, 0., theReadoutNoise);

      if (((*i).second + Amplitude(noise, -1.)) < 0.) {
        (*i).second.set(0);
      } else {
        (*i).second += Amplitude(noise, -1.);
      }
    }  // end if only Noise from full readout
  }

  if (!addNoisyPixels)  // Option to skip noise in non-hit pixels
    return;

  const PixelTopology* topol = &pixdet->specificTopology();
  int numColumns = topol->ncolumns();  // det module number of cols&rows
  int numRows = topol->nrows();

  // Add noise on non-hit pixels
  // Use here the pixel noise
  int numberOfPixels = (numRows * numColumns);
  std::map<int, float, std::less<int> > otherPixels;
  std::map<int, float, std::less<int> >::iterator mapI;

  theNoiser->generate(numberOfPixels,
                      thePixelThreshold,    //thr. in un. of nois
                      theNoiseInElectrons,  // noise in elec.
                      otherPixels,
                      engine);

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " Add noisy pixels " << numRows << " " << numColumns << " " << theNoiseInElectrons
                              << " " << theThresholdInE_FPix << theThresholdInE_BPix << " " << numberOfPixels << " "
                              << otherPixels.size();
#endif

  // Add noisy pixels
  for (mapI = otherPixels.begin(); mapI != otherPixels.end(); mapI++) {
    int iy = ((*mapI).first) / numRows;
    int ix = ((*mapI).first) - (iy * numRows);

    // Keep for a while for testing.
    if (iy < 0 || iy > (numColumns - 1))
      LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " error in iy " << iy;
    if (ix < 0 || ix > (numRows - 1))
      LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " error in ix " << ix;

    int chan = PixelDigi::pixelToChannel(ix, iy);

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " Storing noise = " << (*mapI).first << " " << (*mapI).second << " " << ix << " "
                                << iy << " " << chan;
#endif

    if (theSignal[chan] == 0) {
      //      float noise = float( (*mapI).second );
      int noise = int((*mapI).second);
      theSignal[chan] = Amplitude(noise, -1.);
    }
  }
}

/***********************************************************************/

// Simulate the readout inefficiencies.
// Delete a selected number of single pixels, dcols and rocs.
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::pixel_inefficiency(const PixelEfficiencies& eff,
                                                   const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                                   const TrackerTopology* tTopo,
                                                   CLHEP::HepRandomEngine* engine) {
  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();
  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];
  const PixelTopology* topol = &pixdet->specificTopology();
  int numColumns = topol->ncolumns();  // det module number of cols&rows
  int numRows = topol->nrows();
  bool isPhase1 = pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXB ||
                  pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXEC;
  // Predefined efficiencies
  double pixelEfficiency = 1.0;
  double columnEfficiency = 1.0;
  double chipEfficiency = 1.0;
  std::vector<double> pixelEfficiencyROCStdPixels(16, 1);
  std::vector<double> pixelEfficiencyROCBigPixels(16, 1);

  auto pIndexConverter = PixelIndices(numColumns, numRows);

  std::vector<int> badRocsFromFEDChannels(16, 0);
  if (eff.PixelFEDChannelCollection_ != nullptr) {
    PixelFEDChannelCollection::const_iterator it = eff.PixelFEDChannelCollection_->find(detID);

    if (it != eff.PixelFEDChannelCollection_->end()) {
      const std::vector<CablingPathToDetUnit>& path = map_->pathToDetUnit(detID);
      for (const auto& ch : *it) {
        for (unsigned int i_roc = ch.roc_first; i_roc <= ch.roc_last; ++i_roc) {
          for (const auto p : path) {
            const PixelROC* myroc = map_->findItem(p);
            if (myroc->idInDetUnit() == static_cast<unsigned int>(i_roc)) {
              LocalPixel::RocRowCol local = {39, 25};  //corresponding to center of ROC row,col
              GlobalPixel global = myroc->toGlobal(LocalPixel(local));
              int chipIndex(0), colROC(0), rowROC(0);
              pIndexConverter.transformToROC(global.col, global.row, chipIndex, colROC, rowROC);
              badRocsFromFEDChannels.at(chipIndex) = 1;
            }
          }
        }
      }  // loop over channels
    }    // detID in PixelFEDChannelCollection_
  }      // has PixelFEDChannelCollection_

  if (eff.FromConfig) {
    // setup the chip indices conversion
    if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelBarrel ||
        pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXB) {  // barrel layers
      int layerIndex = tTopo->layer(detID);
      pixelEfficiency = eff.thePixelEfficiency[layerIndex - 1];
      columnEfficiency = eff.thePixelColEfficiency[layerIndex - 1];
      chipEfficiency = eff.thePixelChipEfficiency[layerIndex - 1];
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "Using BPix columnEfficiency = " << columnEfficiency
                                  << " for layer = " << layerIndex << "\n";
      // This should never happen, but only check if it is not an upgrade geometry
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers == 3) {
        if (numColumns > 416)
          LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " wrong columns in barrel " << numColumns;
        if (numRows > 160)
          LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " wrong rows in barrel " << numRows;

        int ladder = tTopo->pxbLadder(detID);
        int module = tTopo->pxbModule(detID);
        if (module <= 4)
          module = 5 - module;
        else
          module -= 4;

        columnEfficiency *= eff.theLadderEfficiency_BPix[layerIndex - 1][ladder - 1] *
                            eff.theModuleEfficiency_BPix[layerIndex - 1][module - 1] * eff.pu_scale[layerIndex - 1];
      }
    } else if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelEndcap ||
               pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXEC ||
               pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2PXEC) {  // forward disks

      unsigned int diskIndex =
          tTopo->layer(detID) + eff.FPixIndex;  // Use diskIndex-1 later to stay consistent with BPix
      unsigned int panelIndex = tTopo->pxfPanel(detID);
      unsigned int moduleIndex = tTopo->pxfModule(detID);
      //if (eff.FPixIndex>diskIndex-1){throw cms::Exception("Configuration") <<"SiPixelDigitizer is using the wrong efficiency value. index = "
      //                                                                       <<diskIndex-1<<" , MinIndex = "<<eff.FPixIndex<<" ... "<<tTopo->pxfDisk(detID);}
      pixelEfficiency = eff.thePixelEfficiency[diskIndex - 1];
      columnEfficiency = eff.thePixelColEfficiency[diskIndex - 1];
      chipEfficiency = eff.thePixelChipEfficiency[diskIndex - 1];
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "Using FPix columnEfficiency = " << columnEfficiency
                                  << " for Disk = " << tTopo->pxfDisk(detID) << "\n";
      // Sometimes the forward pixels have wrong size,
      // this crashes the index conversion, so exit, but only check if it is not an upgrade geometry
      if (NumberOfBarrelLayers ==
          3) {  // whether it is the present or the phase 1 detector can be checked using GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector
        if (numColumns > 260 || numRows > 160) {
          if (numColumns > 260)
            LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " wrong columns in endcaps " << numColumns;
          if (numRows > 160)
            LogWarning("Pixel Geometry") << " wrong rows in endcaps " << numRows;
          return;
        }
        if ((panelIndex == 1 && (moduleIndex == 1 || moduleIndex == 2)) ||
            (panelIndex == 2 && moduleIndex == 1)) {  //inner modules
          columnEfficiency *= eff.theInnerEfficiency_FPix[diskIndex - 1] * eff.pu_scale[3];
        } else {  //outer modules
          columnEfficiency *= eff.theOuterEfficiency_FPix[diskIndex - 1] * eff.pu_scale[4];
        }
      }  // current detector, forward
    } else if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2OTB ||
               pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2OTEC) {
      // If phase 2 outer tracker, hardcoded values as they have been so far
      pixelEfficiency = 0.999;
      columnEfficiency = 0.999;
      chipEfficiency = 0.999;
    }       // if barrel/forward
  } else {  // Load precomputed factors from Database
    pixelEfficiency = eff.PixelGeomFactors.at(detID);
    columnEfficiency = eff.ColGeomFactors.at(detID) * eff.pu_scale[eff.iPU.at(detID)];
    chipEfficiency = eff.ChipGeomFactors.at(detID);
    if (isPhase1) {
      for (unsigned int i_roc = 0; i_roc < eff.PixelGeomFactorsROCStdPixels.at(detID).size(); ++i_roc) {
        pixelEfficiencyROCStdPixels[i_roc] = eff.PixelGeomFactorsROCStdPixels.at(detID).at(i_roc);
        pixelEfficiencyROCBigPixels[i_roc] = eff.PixelGeomFactorsROCBigPixels.at(detID).at(i_roc);
      }
    }  // is Phase 1
  }

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter pixel_inefficiency " << pixelEfficiency << " " << columnEfficiency << " "
                              << chipEfficiency;
#endif

  // Initilize the index converter
  //PixelIndices indexConverter(numColumns,numRows);

  int chipIndex = 0;
  int rowROC = 0;
  int colROC = 0;
  std::map<int, int, std::less<int> > chips, columns, pixelStd, pixelBig;
  std::map<int, int, std::less<int> >::iterator iter;

  // Find out the number of columns and rocs hits
  // Loop over hit pixels, amplitude in electrons, channel = coded row,col
  for (signal_map_const_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
    int chan = i->first;
    std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(chan);
    int row = ip.first;   // X in row
    int col = ip.second;  // Y is in col
    //transform to ROC index coordinates
    pIndexConverter.transformToROC(col, row, chipIndex, colROC, rowROC);
    int dColInChip = pIndexConverter.DColumn(colROC);  // get ROC dcol from ROC col
    //dcol in mod
    int dColInDet = pIndexConverter.DColumnInModule(dColInChip, chipIndex);

    chips[chipIndex]++;
    columns[dColInDet]++;
    if (isPhase1) {
      if (topol->isItBigPixelInX(row) || topol->isItBigPixelInY(col))
        pixelBig[chipIndex]++;
      else
        pixelStd[chipIndex]++;
    }
  }

  // Delete some ROC hits.
  for (iter = chips.begin(); iter != chips.end(); iter++) {
    //float rand  = RandFlat::shoot();
    float rand = CLHEP::RandFlat::shoot(engine);
    if (rand > chipEfficiency)
      chips[iter->first] = 0;
  }

  // Delete some Dcol hits.
  for (iter = columns.begin(); iter != columns.end(); iter++) {
    //float rand  = RandFlat::shoot();
    float rand = CLHEP::RandFlat::shoot(engine);
    if (rand > columnEfficiency)
      columns[iter->first] = 0;
  }

  // Delete some pixel hits based on DCDC issue damage.
  if (isPhase1) {
    for (iter = pixelStd.begin(); iter != pixelStd.end(); iter++) {
      float rand = CLHEP::RandFlat::shoot(engine);
      if (rand > pixelEfficiencyROCStdPixels[iter->first])
        pixelStd[iter->first] = 0;
    }

    for (iter = pixelBig.begin(); iter != pixelBig.end(); iter++) {
      float rand = CLHEP::RandFlat::shoot(engine);
      if (rand > pixelEfficiencyROCBigPixels[iter->first])
        pixelBig[iter->first] = 0;
    }
  }

  // Now loop again over pixels to kill some of them.
  // Loop over hit pixels, amplitude in electrons, channel = coded row,col
  for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
    //    int chan = i->first;
    std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(i->first);  //get pixel pos
    int row = ip.first;                                            // X in row
    int col = ip.second;                                           // Y is in col
    //transform to ROC index coordinates
    pIndexConverter.transformToROC(col, row, chipIndex, colROC, rowROC);
    int dColInChip = pIndexConverter.DColumn(colROC);  //get ROC dcol from ROC col
    //dcol in mod
    int dColInDet = pIndexConverter.DColumnInModule(dColInChip, chipIndex);

    //float rand  = RandFlat::shoot();
    float rand = CLHEP::RandFlat::shoot(engine);
    if (chips[chipIndex] == 0 || columns[dColInDet] == 0 || rand > pixelEfficiency ||
        (pixelStd.count(chipIndex) && pixelStd[chipIndex] == 0) ||
        (pixelBig.count(chipIndex) && pixelBig[chipIndex] == 0)) {
      // make pixel amplitude =0, pixel will be lost at clusterization
      i->second.set(0.);  // reset amplitude,
    }                     // end if
    if (isPhase1) {
      if ((pixelStd.count(chipIndex) && pixelStd[chipIndex] == 0) ||
          (pixelBig.count(chipIndex) && pixelBig[chipIndex] == 0) || (badRocsFromFEDChannels.at(chipIndex) == 1)) {
        //============================================================
        // make pixel amplitude =0, pixel will be lost at clusterization
        i->second.set(0.);  // reset amplitude,
      }                     // end if
    }                       // is Phase 1
    if (KillBadFEDChannels && badRocsFromFEDChannels.at(chipIndex) == 1) {
      i->second.set(0.);
    }
  }  // end pixel loop
}  // end pixel_indefficiency

//***************************************************************************************
// Simulate pixel aging with an exponential function
//**************************************************************************************

float SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::pixel_aging(const PixelAging& aging,
                                             const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                             const TrackerTopology* tTopo) const {
  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();

  // Predefined damage parameter (no aging)
  float pseudoRadDamage = 0.0f;

  // setup the chip indices conversion
  if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelBarrel ||
      pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXB) {  // barrel layers
    int layerIndex = tTopo->layer(detID);

    pseudoRadDamage = aging.thePixelPseudoRadDamage[layerIndex - 1];

    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "pixel_aging: "
                                << "\n";
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "Subid " << pixdet->subDetector() << " layerIndex " << layerIndex << " ladder "
                                << tTopo->pxbLadder(detID) << " module  " << tTopo->pxbModule(detID) << "\n";

  } else if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::PixelEndcap ||
             pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P1PXEC ||
             pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2PXEC) {  // forward disks
    unsigned int diskIndex =
        tTopo->layer(detID) + aging.FPixIndex;  // Use diskIndex-1 later to stay consistent with BPix

    pseudoRadDamage = aging.thePixelPseudoRadDamage[diskIndex - 1];

    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "pixel_aging: "
                                << "\n";
    LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "Subid " << pixdet->subDetector() << " diskIndex " << diskIndex << "\n";
  } else if (pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2OTB ||
             pixdet->subDetector() == GeomDetEnumerators::SubDetector::P2OTEC) {
    // if phase 2 OT hardcoded value as it has always been
    pseudoRadDamage = 0.f;
  }  // if barrel/forward

  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " pseudoRadDamage " << pseudoRadDamage << "\n";
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " end pixel_aging "
                              << "\n";

  return pseudoRadDamage;
#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " enter pixel_aging " << pseudoRadDamage;
#endif
}

//***********************************************************************

// Fluctuate the gain and offset for the amplitude calibration
// Use gaussian smearing.
//float SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::missCalibrate(const float amp) const {
//float gain  = RandGaussQ::shoot(1.,theGainSmearing);
//float offset  = RandGaussQ::shoot(0.,theOffsetSmearing);
//float newAmp = amp * gain + offset;
// More complex misscalibration
float SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::missCalibrate(uint32_t detID,
                                               const TrackerTopology* tTopo,
                                               const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                               int col,
                                               int row,
                                               const float signalInElectrons) const {
  // Central values
  //const float p0=0.00352, p1=0.868, p2=112., p3=113.; // pix(0,0,0)
  //  const float p0=0.00382, p1=0.886, p2=112.7, p3=113.0; // average roc=0
  //const float p0=0.00492, p1=1.998, p2=90.6, p3=134.1; // average roc=6
  // Smeared (rms)
  //const float s0=0.00020, s1=0.051, s2=5.4, s3=4.4; // average roc=0
  //const float s0=0.00015, s1=0.043, s2=3.2, s3=3.1; // col average roc=0

  // Make 2 sets of parameters for Fpix and BPIx:

  float p0 = 0.0f;
  float p1 = 0.0f;
  float p2 = 0.0f;
  float p3 = 0.0f;

  if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel() && pixdet->type().isBarrel()) {  // barrel layers
    p0 = BPix_p0;
    p1 = BPix_p1;
    p2 = BPix_p2;
    p3 = BPix_p3;
  } else if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel()) {  // forward disks
    p0 = FPix_p0;
    p1 = FPix_p1;
    p2 = FPix_p2;
    p3 = FPix_p3;
  } else {
    throw cms::Exception("NotAPixelGeomDetUnit") << "Not a pixel geomdet unit" << detID;
  }

  float newAmp = 0.f;  //Modified signal

  // Convert electrons to VCAL units
  float signal = (signalInElectrons - electronsPerVCAL_Offset) / electronsPerVCAL;

  // New gains/offsets are needed for phase1 L1
  int layer = 0;
  if (DetId(detID).subdetId() == 1)
    layer = tTopo->pxbLayer(detID);
  if (layer == 1)
    signal = (signalInElectrons - electronsPerVCAL_L1_Offset) / electronsPerVCAL_L1;

  // Simulate the analog response with fixed parametrization
  newAmp = p3 + p2 * tanh(p0 * signal - p1);

  // Use the pixel-by-pixel calibrations
  //transform to ROC index coordinates
  //int chipIndex=0, colROC=0, rowROC=0;
  //std::unique_ptr<PixelIndices> pIndexConverter(new PixelIndices(numColumns,numRows));
  //pIndexConverter->transformToROC(col,row,chipIndex,colROC,rowROC);

  // Use calibration from a file
  //int chanROC = PixelIndices::pixelToChannelROC(rowROC,colROC); // use ROC coordinates
  //float pp0=0, pp1=0,pp2=0,pp3=0;
  //map<int,CalParameters,std::less<int> >::const_iterator it=calmap.find(chanROC);
  //CalParameters y  = (*it).second;
  //pp0 = y.p0;
  //pp1 = y.p1;
  //pp2 = y.p2;
  //pp3 = y.p3;

  //
  // Use random smearing
  // Randomize the pixel response
  //float pp0  = RandGaussQ::shoot(p0,s0);
  //float pp1  = RandGaussQ::shoot(p1,s1);
  //float pp2  = RandGaussQ::shoot(p2,s2);
  //float pp3  = RandGaussQ::shoot(p3,s3);

  //newAmp = pp3 + pp2 * tanh(pp0*signal - pp1); // Final signal

  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " misscalibrate " << col << " " << row
                              << " "
                              // <<chipIndex<<" " <<colROC<<" " <<rowROC<<" "
                              << signalInElectrons << " " << signal << " " << newAmp << " "
                              << (signalInElectrons / theElectronPerADC) << "\n";

  return newAmp;
}
//******************************************************************************

// Set the drift direction accoring to the Bfield in local det-unit frame
// Works for both barrel and forward pixels.
// Replace the sign convention to fit M.Swartz's formulaes.
// Configurations for barrel and foward pixels possess different tanLorentzAngleperTesla
// parameter value

LocalVector SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::DriftDirection(const PixelGeomDetUnit* pixdet,
                                                      const GlobalVector& bfield,
                                                      const DetId& detId) const {
  Frame detFrame(pixdet->surface().position(), pixdet->surface().rotation());
  LocalVector Bfield = detFrame.toLocal(bfield);

  float alpha2_FPix;
  float alpha2_BPix;
  float alpha2;

  //float dir_x = -tanLorentzAnglePerTesla * Bfield.y();
  //float dir_y = +tanLorentzAnglePerTesla * Bfield.x();
  //float dir_z = -1.; // E field always in z direction, so electrons go to -z
  // The dir_z has to be +/- 1. !
  // LocalVector theDriftDirection = LocalVector(dir_x,dir_y,dir_z);

  float dir_x = 0.0f;
  float dir_y = 0.0f;
  float dir_z = 0.0f;
  float scale = 0.0f;

  uint32_t detID = pixdet->geographicalId().rawId();

  // Read Lorentz angle from cfg file:**************************************************************

  if (!use_LorentzAngle_DB_) {
    if (alpha2Order) {
      alpha2_FPix = tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix * tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix;
      alpha2_BPix = tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix * tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix;
    } else {
      alpha2_FPix = 0.0f;
      alpha2_BPix = 0.0f;
    }

    if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel() && pixdet->type().isBarrel()) {  // barrel layers
      dir_x = -(tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix * Bfield.y() + alpha2_BPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.x());
      dir_y = +(tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_BPix * Bfield.x() - alpha2_BPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.y());
      dir_z = -(1 + alpha2_BPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.z());
      scale = -dir_z;
    } else if (pixdet->type().isTrackerPixel()) {  // forward disks
      dir_x = -(tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix * Bfield.y() + alpha2_FPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.x());
      dir_y = +(tanLorentzAnglePerTesla_FPix * Bfield.x() - alpha2_FPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.y());
      dir_z = -(1 + alpha2_FPix * Bfield.z() * Bfield.z());
      scale = -dir_z;
    } else {
      throw cms::Exception("NotAPixelGeomDetUnit") << "Not a pixel geomdet unit" << detID;
    }
  }  // end: Read LA from cfg file.

  //Read Lorentz angle from DB:********************************************************************
  if (use_LorentzAngle_DB_) {
    float lorentzAngle = SiPixelLorentzAngle_->getLorentzAngle(detId);
    alpha2 = lorentzAngle * lorentzAngle;
    dir_x = -(lorentzAngle * Bfield.y() + alpha2 * Bfield.z() * Bfield.x());
    dir_y = +(lorentzAngle * Bfield.x() - alpha2 * Bfield.z() * Bfield.y());
    dir_z = -(1 + alpha2 * Bfield.z() * Bfield.z());
    scale = -dir_z;
  }  // end: Read LA from DataBase.

  LocalVector theDriftDirection = LocalVector(dir_x / scale, dir_y / scale, dir_z / scale);

#ifdef TP_DEBUG
  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << " The drift direction in local coordinate is " << theDriftDirection;
#endif

  return theDriftDirection;
}

//****************************************************************************************************

void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::pixel_inefficiency_db(uint32_t detID) {
  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

  // Loop over hit pixels, amplitude in electrons, channel = coded row,col
  for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
    //    int chan = i->first;
    std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(i->first);  //get pixel pos
    int row = ip.first;                                            // X in row
    int col = ip.second;                                           // Y is in col
    //transform to ROC index coordinates
    if (theSiPixelGainCalibrationService_->isDead(detID, col, row)) {
      LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "now in isdead check, row " << detID << " " << col << "," << row << "\n";
      // make pixel amplitude =0, pixel will be lost at clusterization
      i->second.set(0.);  // reset amplitude,
    }                     // end if
  }                       // end pixel loop
}  // end pixel_indefficiency

//****************************************************************************************************

void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::module_killing_conf(uint32_t detID) {
  bool isbad = false;

  Parameters::const_iterator itDeadModules = DeadModules.begin();

  int detid = detID;
  for (; itDeadModules != DeadModules.end(); ++itDeadModules) {
    int Dead_detID = itDeadModules->getParameter<int>("Dead_detID");
    if (detid == Dead_detID) {
      isbad = true;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!isbad)
    return;

  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

  std::string Module = itDeadModules->getParameter<std::string>("Module");

  if (Module == "whole") {
    for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
      i->second.set(0.);  // reset amplitude
    }
  }

  for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
    std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(i->first);  //get pixel pos

    if (Module == "tbmA" && ip.first >= 80 && ip.first <= 159) {
      i->second.set(0.);
    }

    if (Module == "tbmB" && ip.first <= 79) {
      i->second.set(0.);
    }
  }
}
//****************************************************************************************************
void SiPixelDigitizerAlgorithm::module_killing_DB(uint32_t detID) {
  // Not SLHC safe for now

  bool isbad = false;

  std::vector<SiPixelQuality::disabledModuleType> disabledModules = SiPixelBadModule_->getBadComponentList();

  SiPixelQuality::disabledModuleType badmodule;

  for (size_t id = 0; id < disabledModules.size(); id++) {
    if (detID == disabledModules[id].DetID) {
      isbad = true;
      badmodule = disabledModules[id];
      break;
    }
  }

  if (!isbad)
    return;

  signal_map_type& theSignal = _signal[detID];

  LogDebug("Pixel Digitizer") << "Hit in: " << detID << " errorType " << badmodule.errorType << " BadRocs=" << std::hex
                              << SiPixelBadModule_->getBadRocs(detID) << std::dec << " "
                              << "\n";
  if (badmodule.errorType == 0) {  // this is a whole dead module.

    for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
      i->second.set(0.);  // reset amplitude
    }
  } else {  // all other module types: half-modules and single ROCs.
    // Get Bad ROC position:
    //follow the example of getBadRocPositions in CondFormats/SiPixelObjects/src/SiPixelQuality.cc
    std::vector<GlobalPixel> badrocpositions(0);
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
      if (SiPixelBadModule_->IsRocBad(detID, j) == true) {
        std::vector<CablingPathToDetUnit> path = map_->pathToDetUnit(detID);
        typedef std::vector<CablingPathToDetUnit>::const_iterator IT;
        for (IT it = path.begin(); it != path.end(); ++it) {
          const PixelROC* myroc = map_->findItem(*it);
          if (myroc->idInDetUnit() == j) {
            LocalPixel::RocRowCol local = {39, 25};  //corresponding to center of ROC row, col
            GlobalPixel global = myroc->toGlobal(LocalPixel(local));
            badrocpositions.push_back(global);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }  // end of getBadRocPositions

    for (signal_map_iterator i = theSignal.begin(); i != theSignal.end(); ++i) {
      std::pair<int, int> ip = PixelDigi::channelToPixel(i->first);  //get pixel pos

      for (std::vector<GlobalPixel>::const_iterator it = badrocpositions.begin(); it != badrocpositions.end(); ++it) {
        if (it->row >= 80 && ip.first >= 80) {
          if ((std::abs(ip.second - it->col) < 26)) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          } else if (it->row == 120 && ip.second - it->col == 26) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          } else if (it->row == 119 && it->col - ip.second == 26) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          }
        } else if (it->row < 80 && ip.first < 80) {
          if ((std::abs(ip.second - it->col) < 26)) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          } else if (it->row == 40 && ip.second - it->col == 26) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          } else if (it->row == 39 && it->col - ip.second == 26) {
            i->second.set(0.);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}