PatternRecognitionbyCA.cc

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// Author: Felice Pantaleo, Marco Rovere - felice.pantaleo@cern.ch, marco.rovere@cern.ch
// Date: 11/2018
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
 
#include "FWCore/MessageLogger/interface/MessageLogger.h"
#include "FWCore/Utilities/interface/Exception.h"
#include "PatternRecognitionbyCA.h"
 
#include "TrackstersPCA.h"
#include "Geometry/CaloGeometry/interface/CaloGeometry.h"
#include "Geometry/Records/interface/CaloGeometryRecord.h"
#include "FWCore/Framework/interface/EventSetup.h"
 
using namespace ticl;
 
template <typename TILES>
PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::PatternRecognitionbyCA(const edm::ParameterSet &conf, const CacheBase *cache)
    : PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>(conf, cache),
      theGraph_(std::make_unique<HGCGraphT<TILES>>()),
      oneTracksterPerTrackSeed_(conf.getParameter<bool>("oneTracksterPerTrackSeed")),
      promoteEmptyRegionToTrackster_(conf.getParameter<bool>("promoteEmptyRegionToTrackster")),
      out_in_dfs_(conf.getParameter<bool>("out_in_dfs")),
      max_out_in_hops_(conf.getParameter<int>("max_out_in_hops")),
      min_cos_theta_(conf.getParameter<double>("min_cos_theta")),
      min_cos_pointing_(conf.getParameter<double>("min_cos_pointing")),
      root_doublet_max_distance_from_seed_squared_(
          conf.getParameter<double>("root_doublet_max_distance_from_seed_squared")),
      etaLimitIncreaseWindow_(conf.getParameter<double>("etaLimitIncreaseWindow")),
      skip_layers_(conf.getParameter<int>("skip_layers")),
      max_missing_layers_in_trackster_(conf.getParameter<int>("max_missing_layers_in_trackster")),
      check_missing_layers_(max_missing_layers_in_trackster_ < 100),
      shower_start_max_layer_(conf.getParameter<int>("shower_start_max_layer")),
      min_layers_per_trackster_(conf.getParameter<int>("min_layers_per_trackster")),
      filter_on_categories_(conf.getParameter<std::vector<int>>("filter_on_categories")),
      pid_threshold_(conf.getParameter<double>("pid_threshold")),
      energy_em_over_total_threshold_(conf.getParameter<double>("energy_em_over_total_threshold")),
      max_longitudinal_sigmaPCA_(conf.getParameter<double>("max_longitudinal_sigmaPCA")),
      min_clusters_per_ntuplet_(min_layers_per_trackster_),
      max_delta_time_(conf.getParameter<double>("max_delta_time")),
      eidInputName_(conf.getParameter<std::string>("eid_input_name")),
      eidOutputNameEnergy_(conf.getParameter<std::string>("eid_output_name_energy")),
      eidOutputNameId_(conf.getParameter<std::string>("eid_output_name_id")),
      eidMinClusterEnergy_(conf.getParameter<double>("eid_min_cluster_energy")),
      eidNLayers_(conf.getParameter<int>("eid_n_layers")),
      eidNClusters_(conf.getParameter<int>("eid_n_clusters")),
      eidSession_(nullptr) {
  // mount the tensorflow graph onto the session when set
  const TrackstersCache *trackstersCache = dynamic_cast<const TrackstersCache *>(cache);
  if (trackstersCache == nullptr || trackstersCache->eidGraphDef == nullptr) {
    throw cms::Exception("MissingGraphDef")
        << "PatternRecognitionbyCA received an empty graph definition from the global cache";
  }
  eidSession_ = tensorflow::createSession(trackstersCache->eidGraphDef);
}
 
template <typename TILES>
PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::~PatternRecognitionbyCA(){};
 
template <typename TILES>
void PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::makeTracksters(
    const typename PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Inputs &input,
    std::vector<Trackster> &result,
    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<int>> &seedToTracksterAssociation) {
  // Protect from events with no seeding regions
  if (input.regions.empty())
    return;
 
  edm::ESHandle<CaloGeometry> geom;
  edm::EventSetup const &es = input.es;
  es.get<CaloGeometryRecord>().get(geom);
  rhtools_.setGeometry(*geom);
 
  theGraph_->setVerbosity(PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_);
  theGraph_->clear();
  if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::None) {
    LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "Making Tracksters with CA" << std::endl;
  }
 
  int type = input.tiles[0].typeT();
  int nEtaBin = (type == 1) ? ticl::TileConstantsHFNose::nEtaBins : ticl::TileConstants::nEtaBins;
  int nPhiBin = (type == 1) ? ticl::TileConstantsHFNose::nPhiBins : ticl::TileConstants::nPhiBins;
 
  bool isRegionalIter = (input.regions[0].index != -1);
  std::vector<HGCDoublet::HGCntuplet> foundNtuplets;
  std::vector<int> seedIndices;
  std::vector<uint8_t> layer_cluster_usage(input.layerClusters.size(), 0);
  theGraph_->makeAndConnectDoublets(input.tiles,
                                    input.regions,
                                    nEtaBin,
                                    nPhiBin,
                                    input.layerClusters,
                                    input.mask,
                                    input.layerClustersTime,
                                    1,
                                    1,
                                    min_cos_theta_,
                                    min_cos_pointing_,
                                    root_doublet_max_distance_from_seed_squared_,
                                    etaLimitIncreaseWindow_,
                                    skip_layers_,
                                    rhtools_.lastLayer(type),
                                    max_delta_time_);
 
  theGraph_->findNtuplets(foundNtuplets, seedIndices, min_clusters_per_ntuplet_, out_in_dfs_, max_out_in_hops_);
  //#ifdef FP_DEBUG
  const auto &doublets = theGraph_->getAllDoublets();
  int tracksterId = -1;
 
  // container for holding tracksters before selection
  std::vector<Trackster> tmpTracksters;
  tmpTracksters.reserve(foundNtuplets.size());
 
  for (auto const &ntuplet : foundNtuplets) {
    tracksterId++;
 
    std::set<unsigned int> effective_cluster_idx;
 
    for (auto const &doublet : ntuplet) {
      auto innerCluster = doublets[doublet].innerClusterId();
      auto outerCluster = doublets[doublet].outerClusterId();
 
      effective_cluster_idx.insert(innerCluster);
      effective_cluster_idx.insert(outerCluster);
 
      if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Advanced) {
        LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << " New doublet " << doublet << " for trackster: " << result.size()
                                       << " InnerCl " << innerCluster << " " << input.layerClusters[innerCluster].x()
                                       << " " << input.layerClusters[innerCluster].y() << " "
                                       << input.layerClusters[innerCluster].z() << " OuterCl " << outerCluster << " "
                                       << input.layerClusters[outerCluster].x() << " "
                                       << input.layerClusters[outerCluster].y() << " "
                                       << input.layerClusters[outerCluster].z() << " " << tracksterId << std::endl;
      }
    }
    unsigned showerMinLayerId = 99999;
    std::vector<unsigned int> uniqueLayerIds;
    uniqueLayerIds.reserve(effective_cluster_idx.size());
    std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>> lcIdAndLayer;
    lcIdAndLayer.reserve(effective_cluster_idx.size());
    for (auto const i : effective_cluster_idx) {
      auto const &haf = input.layerClusters[i].hitsAndFractions();
      auto layerId = rhtools_.getLayerWithOffset(haf[0].first);
      showerMinLayerId = std::min(layerId, showerMinLayerId);
      uniqueLayerIds.push_back(layerId);
      lcIdAndLayer.emplace_back(i, layerId);
    }
    std::sort(uniqueLayerIds.begin(), uniqueLayerIds.end());
    uniqueLayerIds.erase(std::unique(uniqueLayerIds.begin(), uniqueLayerIds.end()), uniqueLayerIds.end());
    unsigned int numberOfLayersInTrackster = uniqueLayerIds.size();
    if (check_missing_layers_) {
      int numberOfMissingLayers = 0;
      unsigned int j = showerMinLayerId;
      unsigned int indexInVec = 0;
      for (const auto &layer : uniqueLayerIds) {
        if (layer != j) {
          numberOfMissingLayers++;
          j++;
          if (numberOfMissingLayers > max_missing_layers_in_trackster_) {
            numberOfLayersInTrackster = indexInVec;
            for (auto &llpair : lcIdAndLayer) {
              if (llpair.second >= layer) {
                effective_cluster_idx.erase(llpair.first);
              }
            }
            break;
          }
        }
        indexInVec++;
        j++;
      }
    }
 
    if ((numberOfLayersInTrackster >= min_layers_per_trackster_) and (showerMinLayerId <= shower_start_max_layer_)) {
      // Put back indices, in the form of a Trackster, into the results vector
      Trackster tmp;
      tmp.vertices().reserve(effective_cluster_idx.size());
      tmp.vertex_multiplicity().resize(effective_cluster_idx.size(), 1);
      //regions and seedIndices can have different size
      //if a seeding region does not lead to any trackster
      tmp.setSeed(input.regions[0].collectionID, seedIndices[tracksterId]);
 
      std::copy(std::begin(effective_cluster_idx), std::end(effective_cluster_idx), std::back_inserter(tmp.vertices()));
      tmpTracksters.push_back(tmp);
    }
  }
  ticl::assignPCAtoTracksters(tmpTracksters,
                              input.layerClusters,
                              input.layerClustersTime,
                              rhtools_.getPositionLayer(rhtools_.lastLayerEE(type)).z());
 
  // run energy regression and ID
  energyRegressionAndID(input.layerClusters, tmpTracksters);
  // Filter results based on PID criteria or EM/Total energy ratio.
  // We want to **keep** tracksters whose cumulative
  // probability summed up over the selected categories
  // is greater than the chosen threshold. Therefore
  // the filtering function should **discard** all
  // tracksters **below** the threshold.
  auto filter_on_pids = [&](Trackster &t) -> bool {
    auto cumulative_prob = 0.;
    for (auto index : filter_on_categories_) {
      cumulative_prob += t.id_probabilities(index);
    }
    return (cumulative_prob <= pid_threshold_) &&
           (t.raw_em_energy() < energy_em_over_total_threshold_ * t.raw_energy());
  };
 
  std::vector<unsigned int> selectedTrackstersIds;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < tmpTracksters.size(); ++i) {
    if (!filter_on_pids(tmpTracksters[i]) and tmpTracksters[i].sigmasPCA()[0] < max_longitudinal_sigmaPCA_) {
      selectedTrackstersIds.push_back(i);
    }
  }
 
  result.reserve(selectedTrackstersIds.size());
 
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < selectedTrackstersIds.size(); ++i) {
    const auto &t = tmpTracksters[selectedTrackstersIds[i]];
    for (auto const lcId : t.vertices()) {
      layer_cluster_usage[lcId]++;
      if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Basic)
        LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "LayerID: " << lcId << " count: " << (int)layer_cluster_usage[lcId]
                                       << std::endl;
    }
    if (isRegionalIter) {
      seedToTracksterAssociation[t.seedIndex()].push_back(i);
    }
    result.push_back(t);
  }
 
  for (auto &trackster : result) {
    assert(trackster.vertices().size() <= trackster.vertex_multiplicity().size());
    for (size_t i = 0; i < trackster.vertices().size(); ++i) {
      trackster.vertex_multiplicity()[i] = layer_cluster_usage[trackster.vertices(i)];
      if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Basic)
        LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "LayerID: " << trackster.vertices(i)
                                       << " count: " << (int)trackster.vertex_multiplicity(i) << std::endl;
    }
  }
  // Now decide if the tracksters from the track-based iterations have to be merged
  if (oneTracksterPerTrackSeed_) {
    std::vector<Trackster> tmp;
    mergeTrackstersTRK(result, input.layerClusters, tmp, seedToTracksterAssociation);
    tmp.swap(result);
  }
 
  ticl::assignPCAtoTracksters(
      result, input.layerClusters, input.layerClustersTime, rhtools_.getPositionLayer(rhtools_.lastLayerEE(type)).z());
 
  // run energy regression and ID
  energyRegressionAndID(input.layerClusters, result);
 
  // now adding dummy tracksters from seeds not connected to any shower in the result collection
  // these are marked as charged hadrons with probability 1.
  if (promoteEmptyRegionToTrackster_) {
    emptyTrackstersFromSeedsTRK(result, seedToTracksterAssociation, input.regions[0].collectionID);
  }
 
  if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Advanced) {
    for (auto &trackster : result) {
      LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "Trackster characteristics: " << std::endl;
      LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "Size: " << trackster.vertices().size() << std::endl;
      auto counter = 0;
      for (auto const &p : trackster.id_probabilities()) {
        LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << counter++ << ": " << p << std::endl;
      }
    }
  }
  theGraph_->clear();
}
 
template <typename TILES>
void PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::mergeTrackstersTRK(
    const std::vector<Trackster> &input,
    const std::vector<reco::CaloCluster> &layerClusters,
    std::vector<Trackster> &output,
    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<int>> &seedToTracksterAssociation) const {
  output.reserve(input.size());
  for (auto &thisSeed : seedToTracksterAssociation) {
    auto &tracksters = thisSeed.second;
    if (!tracksters.empty()) {
      auto numberOfTrackstersInSeed = tracksters.size();
      output.emplace_back(input[tracksters[0]]);
      auto &outTrackster = output.back();
      tracksters[0] = output.size() - 1;
      auto updated_size = outTrackster.vertices().size();
      for (unsigned int j = 1; j < numberOfTrackstersInSeed; ++j) {
        auto &thisTrackster = input[tracksters[j]];
        updated_size += thisTrackster.vertices().size();
        if (PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::algo_verbosity_ > PatternRecognitionAlgoBaseT<TILES>::Basic) {
          LogDebug("HGCPatternRecoByCA") << "Updated size: " << updated_size << std::endl;
        }
        outTrackster.vertices().reserve(updated_size);
        outTrackster.vertex_multiplicity().reserve(updated_size);
        std::copy(std::begin(thisTrackster.vertices()),
                  std::end(thisTrackster.vertices()),
                  std::back_inserter(outTrackster.vertices()));
        std::copy(std::begin(thisTrackster.vertex_multiplicity()),
                  std::end(thisTrackster.vertex_multiplicity()),
                  std::back_inserter(outTrackster.vertex_multiplicity()));
      }
      tracksters.resize(1);
    }
  }
  output.shrink_to_fit();
}
 
template <typename TILES>
void PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::emptyTrackstersFromSeedsTRK(
    std::vector<Trackster> &tracksters,
    std::unordered_map<int, std::vector<int>> &seedToTracksterAssociation,
    const edm::ProductID &collectionID) const {
  for (auto &thisSeed : seedToTracksterAssociation) {
    if (thisSeed.second.empty()) {
      Trackster t;
      t.setRegressedEnergy(0.f);
      t.zeroProbabilities();
      t.setIdProbability(ticl::Trackster::ParticleType::charged_hadron, 1.f);
      t.setSeed(collectionID, thisSeed.first);
      tracksters.emplace_back(t);
      thisSeed.second.emplace_back(tracksters.size() - 1);
    }
  }
}
 
template <typename TILES>
void PatternRecognitionbyCA<TILES>::energyRegressionAndID(const std::vector<reco::CaloCluster> &layerClusters,
                                                          std::vector<Trackster> &tracksters) {
  // Energy regression and particle identification strategy:
  //
  // 1. Set default values for regressed energy and particle id for each trackster.
  // 2. Store indices of tracksters whose total sum of cluster energies is above the
  //    eidMinClusterEnergy_ (GeV) treshold. Inference is not applied for soft tracksters.
  // 3. When no trackster passes the selection, return.
  // 4. Create input and output tensors. The batch dimension is determined by the number of
  //    selected tracksters.
  // 5. Fill input tensors with layer cluster features. Per layer, clusters are ordered descending
  //    by energy. Given that tensor data is contiguous in memory, we can use pointer arithmetic to
  //    fill values, even with batching.
  // 6. Zero-fill features for empty clusters in each layer.
  // 7. Batched inference.
  // 8. Assign the regressed energy and id probabilities to each trackster.
  //
  // Indices used throughout this method:
  // i -> batch element / trackster
  // j -> layer
  // k -> cluster
  // l -> feature
 
  // set default values per trackster, determine if the cluster energy threshold is passed,
  // and store indices of hard tracksters
  std::vector<int> tracksterIndices;
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)tracksters.size(); i++) {
    // calculate the cluster energy sum (2)
    // note: after the loop, sumClusterEnergy might be just above the threshold which is enough to
    // decide whether to run inference for the trackster or not
    float sumClusterEnergy = 0.;
    for (const unsigned int &vertex : tracksters[i].vertices()) {
      sumClusterEnergy += (float)layerClusters[vertex].energy();
      // there might be many clusters, so try to stop early
      if (sumClusterEnergy >= eidMinClusterEnergy_) {
        // set default values (1)
        tracksters[i].setRegressedEnergy(0.f);
        tracksters[i].zeroProbabilities();
        tracksterIndices.push_back(i);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  // do nothing when no trackster passes the selection (3)
  int batchSize = (int)tracksterIndices.size();
  if (batchSize == 0) {
    return;
  }
 
  // create input and output tensors (4)
  tensorflow::TensorShape shape({batchSize, eidNLayers_, eidNClusters_, eidNFeatures_});
  tensorflow::Tensor input(tensorflow::DT_FLOAT, shape);
  tensorflow::NamedTensorList inputList = {{eidInputName_, input}};
 
  std::vector<tensorflow::Tensor> outputs;
  std::vector<std::string> outputNames;
  if (!eidOutputNameEnergy_.empty()) {
    outputNames.push_back(eidOutputNameEnergy_);
  }
  if (!eidOutputNameId_.empty()) {
    outputNames.push_back(eidOutputNameId_);
  }
 
  // fill input tensor (5)
  for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
    const Trackster &trackster = tracksters[tracksterIndices[i]];
 
    // per layer, we only consider the first eidNClusters_ clusters in terms of energy, so in order
    // to avoid creating large / nested structures to do the sorting for an unknown number of total
    // clusters, create a sorted list of layer cluster indices to keep track of the filled clusters
    std::vector<int> clusterIndices(trackster.vertices().size());
    for (int k = 0; k < (int)trackster.vertices().size(); k++) {
      clusterIndices[k] = k;
    }
    sort(clusterIndices.begin(), clusterIndices.end(), [&layerClusters, &trackster](const int &a, const int &b) {
      return layerClusters[trackster.vertices(a)].energy() > layerClusters[trackster.vertices(b)].energy();
    });
 
    // keep track of the number of seen clusters per layer
    std::vector<int> seenClusters(eidNLayers_);
 
    // loop through clusters by descending energy
    for (const int &k : clusterIndices) {
      // get features per layer and cluster and store the values directly in the input tensor
      const reco::CaloCluster &cluster = layerClusters[trackster.vertices(k)];
      int j = rhtools_.getLayerWithOffset(cluster.hitsAndFractions()[0].first) - 1;
      if (j < eidNLayers_ && seenClusters[j] < eidNClusters_) {
        // get the pointer to the first feature value for the current batch, layer and cluster
        float *features = &input.tensor<float, 4>()(i, j, seenClusters[j], 0);
 
        // fill features
        *(features++) = float(cluster.energy() / float(trackster.vertex_multiplicity(k)));
        *(features++) = float(std::abs(cluster.eta()));
        *(features) = float(cluster.phi());
 
        // increment seen clusters
        seenClusters[j]++;
      }
    }
 
    // zero-fill features of empty clusters in each layer (6)
    for (int j = 0; j < eidNLayers_; j++) {
      for (int k = seenClusters[j]; k < eidNClusters_; k++) {
        float *features = &input.tensor<float, 4>()(i, j, k, 0);
        for (int l = 0; l < eidNFeatures_; l++) {
          *(features++) = 0.f;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  // run the inference (7)
  tensorflow::run(eidSession_, inputList, outputNames, &outputs);
 
  // store regressed energy per trackster (8)
  if (!eidOutputNameEnergy_.empty()) {
    // get the pointer to the energy tensor, dimension is batch x 1
    float *energy = outputs[0].flat<float>().data();
 
    for (const int &i : tracksterIndices) {
      tracksters[i].setRegressedEnergy(*(energy++));
    }
  }
 
  // store id probabilities per trackster (8)
  if (!eidOutputNameId_.empty()) {
    // get the pointer to the id probability tensor, dimension is batch x id_probabilities.size()
    int probsIdx = eidOutputNameEnergy_.empty() ? 0 : 1;
    float *probs = outputs[probsIdx].flat<float>().data();
 
    for (const int &i : tracksterIndices) {
      tracksters[i].setProbabilities(probs);
      probs += tracksters[i].id_probabilities().size();
    }
  }
}
 
template class ticl::PatternRecognitionbyCA<TICLLayerTiles>;
template class ticl::PatternRecognitionbyCA<TICLLayerTilesHFNose>;