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CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel.cc
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1 //
2 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
3 //
4 //
5 // File name: CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel
6 //
7 // Author: Vladimir Ivanchenko
8 //
9 // Creation date: 02.03.2019 copied from Geant4 10.5p01
10 //
11 //
12 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
13 // References
14 // [1] Steven P. Ahlen: Energy loss of relativistic heavy ionizing particles,
15 // S.P. Ahlen, Rev. Mod. Phys 52(1980), p121
16 // [2] K.A. Milton arXiv:hep-ex/0602040
17 // [3] S.P. Ahlen and K. Kinoshita, Phys. Rev. D26 (1982) 2347
18 
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21 
22 #include "SimG4Core/PhysicsLists/interface/CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel.h"
23 #include "Randomize.hh"
24 #include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
25 #include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
26 #include "G4ParticleChangeForLoss.hh"
27 #include "G4Electron.hh"
28 #include "G4DynamicParticle.hh"
29 #include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh"
30 #include "G4MaterialCutsCouple.hh"
31 #include "G4Log.hh"
32 #include "G4Pow.hh"
33 
34 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
35 
36 using namespace std;
37 
38 std::vector<G4double>* CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::dedx0 = nullptr;
39 
40 CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel(G4double mCharge, const G4String& nam)
41  : G4VEmModel(nam),
42  G4VEmFluctuationModel(nam),
43  magCharge(mCharge),
44  twoln10(std::log(100.0)),
45  betalow(0.01),
46  betalim(0.1),
47  beta2lim(betalim * betalim),
48  bg2lim(beta2lim * (1.0 + beta2lim)) {
49  nmpl = G4lrint(std::abs(magCharge) * 2 * fine_structure_const);
50  if (nmpl > 6) {
51  nmpl = 6;
52  } else if (nmpl < 1) {
53  nmpl = 1;
54  }
55  pi_hbarc2_over_mc2 = pi * hbarc * hbarc / electron_mass_c2;
56  chargeSquare = magCharge * magCharge;
57  dedxlim = 45. * nmpl * nmpl * GeV * cm2 / g;
58  fParticleChange = nullptr;
59  theElectron = G4Electron::Electron();
60  G4cout << "### Monopole ionisation model with d-electron production, Gmag= " << magCharge / eplus << G4endl;
61  monopole = nullptr;
62  mass = 0.0;
63 }
64 
65 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
66 
67 CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::~CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel() {
68  if (IsMaster()) {
69  delete dedx0;
70  }
71 }
72 
73 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
74 
75 void CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::SetParticle(const G4ParticleDefinition* p) {
76  monopole = p;
77  mass = monopole->GetPDGMass();
78  G4double emin = std::min(LowEnergyLimit(), 0.1 * mass * (1. / sqrt(1. - betalow * betalow) - 1.));
79  G4double emax = std::max(HighEnergyLimit(), 10 * mass * (1. / sqrt(1. - beta2lim) - 1.));
80  SetLowEnergyLimit(emin);
81  SetHighEnergyLimit(emax);
82 }
83 
84 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
85 
86 void CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::Initialise(const G4ParticleDefinition* p, const G4DataVector&) {
87  if (!monopole) {
88  SetParticle(p);
89  }
90  if (!fParticleChange) {
91  fParticleChange = GetParticleChangeForLoss();
92  }
93  if (IsMaster()) {
94  if (!dedx0) {
95  dedx0 = new std::vector<G4double>;
96  }
97  G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
98  G4int numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
99  G4int n = dedx0->size();
100  if (n < numOfCouples) {
101  dedx0->resize(numOfCouples);
102  }
103  G4Pow* g4calc = G4Pow::GetInstance();
104 
105  // initialise vector
106  for (G4int i = 0; i < numOfCouples; ++i) {
107  const G4Material* material = theCoupleTable->GetMaterialCutsCouple(i)->GetMaterial();
108  G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
109  G4double vF2 = 2 * electron_Compton_length * g4calc->A13(3. * pi * pi * eDensity);
110  (*dedx0)[i] = pi_hbarc2_over_mc2 * eDensity * nmpl * nmpl * (G4Log(vF2 / fine_structure_const) - 0.5) / vF2;
111  }
112  }
113 }
114 
115 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
116 
117 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::MinEnergyCut(const G4ParticleDefinition*, const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple) {
118  return couple->GetMaterial()->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
119 }
120 
121 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
122 
123 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::ComputeDEDXPerVolume(const G4Material* material,
124  const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
125  G4double kineticEnergy,
126  G4double maxEnergy) {
127  if (!monopole) {
128  SetParticle(p);
129  }
130  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
131  G4double cutEnergy = std::min(tmax, maxEnergy);
132  cutEnergy = std::max(LowEnergyLimit(), cutEnergy);
133  G4double tau = kineticEnergy / mass;
134  G4double gam = tau + 1.0;
135  G4double bg2 = tau * (tau + 2.0);
136  G4double beta2 = bg2 / (gam * gam);
137  G4double beta = sqrt(beta2);
138 
139  // low-energy asymptotic formula
140  G4double dedx = (*dedx0)[CurrentCouple()->GetIndex()] * beta;
141 
142  // above asymptotic
143  if (beta > betalow) {
144  // high energy
145  if (beta >= betalim) {
146  dedx = ComputeDEDXAhlen(material, bg2, cutEnergy);
147 
148  } else {
149  G4double dedx1 = (*dedx0)[CurrentCouple()->GetIndex()] * betalow;
150  G4double dedx2 = ComputeDEDXAhlen(material, bg2lim, cutEnergy);
151 
152  // extrapolation between two formula
153  G4double kapa2 = beta - betalow;
154  G4double kapa1 = betalim - beta;
155  dedx = (kapa1 * dedx1 + kapa2 * dedx2) / (kapa1 + kapa2);
156  }
157  }
158  return dedx;
159 }
160 
161 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
162 
163 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::ComputeDEDXAhlen(const G4Material* material,
164  G4double bg2,
165  G4double cutEnergy) {
166  G4double eDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
167  G4double eexc = material->GetIonisation()->GetMeanExcitationEnergy();
168 
169  // Ahlen's formula for nonconductors, [1]p157, f(5.7)
170  G4double dedx = 0.5 * (G4Log(2.0 * electron_mass_c2 * bg2 * cutEnergy / (eexc * eexc)) - 1.0);
171 
172  // Kazama et al. cross-section correction
173  G4double k = 0.406;
174  if (nmpl > 1) {
175  k = 0.346;
176  }
177 
178  // Bloch correction
179  const G4double B[7] = {0.0, 0.248, 0.672, 1.022, 1.243, 1.464, 1.685};
180 
181  dedx += 0.5 * k - B[nmpl];
182 
183  // density effect correction
184  G4double x = G4Log(bg2) / twoln10;
185  dedx -= material->GetIonisation()->DensityCorrection(x);
186 
187  // now compute the total ionization loss
188  dedx *= pi_hbarc2_over_mc2 * eDensity * nmpl * nmpl;
189 
190  dedx = std::max(dedx, 0.0);
191  return dedx;
192 }
193 
194 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
195 
196 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
197  G4double kineticEnergy,
198  G4double cut,
199  G4double maxKinEnergy) {
200  if (!monopole) {
201  SetParticle(p);
202  }
203  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(p, kineticEnergy);
204  G4double maxEnergy = std::min(tmax, maxKinEnergy);
205  G4double cutEnergy = std::max(LowEnergyLimit(), cut);
206  G4double cross =
207  (cutEnergy < maxEnergy) ? (0.5 / cutEnergy - 0.5 / maxEnergy) * pi_hbarc2_over_mc2 * nmpl * nmpl : 0.0;
208  return cross;
209 }
210 
211 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
212 
213 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(const G4ParticleDefinition* p,
214  G4double kineticEnergy,
215  G4double Z,
216  G4double,
217  G4double cutEnergy,
218  G4double maxEnergy) {
219  G4double cross = Z * ComputeCrossSectionPerElectron(p, kineticEnergy, cutEnergy, maxEnergy);
220  return cross;
221 }
222 
223 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
224 
225 void CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::SampleSecondaries(vector<G4DynamicParticle*>* vdp,
226  const G4MaterialCutsCouple*,
227  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
228  G4double minKinEnergy,
229  G4double maxEnergy) {
230  G4double kineticEnergy = dp->GetKineticEnergy();
231  G4double tmax = MaxSecondaryEnergy(dp->GetDefinition(), kineticEnergy);
232 
233  G4double maxKinEnergy = std::min(maxEnergy, tmax);
234  if (minKinEnergy >= maxKinEnergy) {
235  return;
236  }
237 
238  //G4cout << "CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::SampleSecondaries: E(GeV)= "
239  // << kineticEnergy/GeV << " M(GeV)= " << mass/GeV
240  // << " tmin(MeV)= " << minKinEnergy/MeV << G4endl;
241 
242  G4double totEnergy = kineticEnergy + mass;
243  G4double etot2 = totEnergy * totEnergy;
244  G4double beta2 = kineticEnergy * (kineticEnergy + 2.0 * mass) / etot2;
245 
246  // sampling without nuclear size effect
247  G4double q = G4UniformRand();
248  G4double deltaKinEnergy = minKinEnergy * maxKinEnergy / (minKinEnergy * (1.0 - q) + maxKinEnergy * q);
249 
250  // delta-electron is produced
251  G4double totMomentum = totEnergy * sqrt(beta2);
252  G4double deltaMomentum = sqrt(deltaKinEnergy * (deltaKinEnergy + 2.0 * electron_mass_c2));
253  G4double cost = deltaKinEnergy * (totEnergy + electron_mass_c2) / (deltaMomentum * totMomentum);
254  cost = std::min(cost, 1.0);
255 
256  G4double sint = sqrt((1.0 - cost) * (1.0 + cost));
257 
258  G4double phi = twopi * G4UniformRand();
259 
260  G4ThreeVector deltaDirection(sint * cos(phi), sint * sin(phi), cost);
261  const G4ThreeVector& direction = dp->GetMomentumDirection();
262  deltaDirection.rotateUz(direction);
263 
264  // create G4DynamicParticle object for delta ray
265  G4DynamicParticle* delta = new G4DynamicParticle(theElectron, deltaDirection, deltaKinEnergy);
266 
267  vdp->push_back(delta);
268 
269  // Change kinematics of primary particle
270  kineticEnergy -= deltaKinEnergy;
271  G4ThreeVector finalP = direction * totMomentum - deltaDirection * deltaMomentum;
272  finalP = finalP.unit();
273 
274  fParticleChange->SetProposedKineticEnergy(kineticEnergy);
275  fParticleChange->SetProposedMomentumDirection(finalP);
276 }
277 
278 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
279 
280 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::SampleFluctuations(const G4MaterialCutsCouple* couple,
281  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
282  G4double tmax,
283  G4double length,
284  G4double meanLoss) {
285  G4double siga = Dispersion(couple->GetMaterial(), dp, tmax, length);
286  G4double loss = meanLoss;
287  siga = sqrt(siga);
288  G4double twomeanLoss = meanLoss + meanLoss;
289 
290  if (twomeanLoss < siga) {
291  G4double x;
292  do {
293  loss = twomeanLoss * G4UniformRand();
294  x = (loss - meanLoss) / siga;
295  // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
296  } while (1.0 - 0.5 * x * x < G4UniformRand());
297  } else {
298  do {
299  loss = G4RandGauss::shoot(meanLoss, siga);
300  // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
301  } while (0.0 > loss || loss > twomeanLoss);
302  }
303  return loss;
304 }
305 
306 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
307 
308 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::Dispersion(const G4Material* material,
309  const G4DynamicParticle* dp,
310  G4double tmax,
311  G4double length) {
312  G4double siga = 0.0;
313  G4double tau = dp->GetKineticEnergy() / mass;
314  if (tau > 0.0) {
315  G4double electronDensity = material->GetElectronDensity();
316  G4double gam = tau + 1.0;
317  G4double invbeta2 = (gam * gam) / (tau * (tau + 2.0));
318  siga = (invbeta2 - 0.5) * twopi_mc2_rcl2 * tmax * length * electronDensity * chargeSquare;
319  }
320  return siga;
321 }
322 
323 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
324 
325 G4double CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel::MaxSecondaryEnergy(const G4ParticleDefinition*, G4double kinEnergy) {
326  G4double tau = kinEnergy / mass;
327  return 2.0 * electron_mass_c2 * tau * (tau + 2.);
328 }
329 
330 //....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....
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Definition: CMSmplIonisationWithDeltaModel.h:83
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