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mlp_gen.cc
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1 #include <cmath>
2 #include <cstring>
3 #include <cstdio>
4 #include <cstdlib>
5 
6 #include "mlp_gen.h"
7 #include "mlp_sigmoide.h"
8 
9 #ifdef __cplusplus
10 extern "C" {
11 #endif
12 
13 #define NPMAX 100000
14 #define NLMAX 1000
15 
16 struct net_ net_ MLP_HIDDEN;
17 struct learn_ learn_ MLP_HIDDEN;
18 struct pat_ pat_ MLP_HIDDEN;
19 struct divers_ divers_ MLP_HIDDEN;
20 struct stat_ stat_ MLP_HIDDEN;
21 
22 int MessLang = 0;
23 int OutputWeights = 100;
24 int ExamplesMemory = 0;
25 int WeightsMemory = 0;
26 int PatMemory[2] = {0,0};
27 int BFGSMemory = 0;
28 int JacobianMemory = 0;
29 int LearnMemory = 0;
30 int NetMemory = 0;
31 float MLPfitVersion = (float) 1.40;
32 dbl LastAlpha = 0;
33 int NLineSearchFail = 0;
34 
35 dbl ***dir;
36 dbl *delta;
37 dbl **BFGSH;
38 dbl *Gamma;
39 dbl **JacobianMatrix;
40 int *ExamplesIndex;
41 dbl **Hessian;
42 
43 /* The following lines are needed to use the dgels routine from the LAPACK
44  library in Reslin() */
45 
46 /* Subroutine */ int dgels_(char *trans, int *m, int *n, int *
47  nrhs, double *a, int *lda, double *b, int *ldb,
48  double *work, int *lwork, int *info);
49 
50 /***********************************************************/
51 /* MLP_Out */
52 /* */
53 /* computes the output of the Neural Network */
54 /* inputs: double *rrin = inputs of the MLP */
55 /* outputs: double *rrout = outputs of the MLP */
56 /* */
57 /* Author: J.Schwindling 29-Mar-99 */
58 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 16-Jul-99 unrolled loops */
59 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 20-Jul-99 fast sigmoid */
60 /***********************************************************/
61 
62 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void MLP_Out(type_pat *rrin, dbl *rrout)
63 {
64  int i, il, in, j, m, mp1;
65  dbl **deriv1;
66 
67 /* input layer */
68 
69  deriv1 = NET.Deriv1;
70  m = NET.Nneur[0]%4;
71  if(m==0) goto L10;
72  for(j=0;j<m;j++) NET.Outn[0][j] = rrin[j];
73 L10:
74  mp1 = m+1;
75  for(i=mp1; i<=NET.Nneur[0]; i+=4)
76  {
77  NET.Outn[0][i-1] = rrin[i-1];
78  NET.Outn[0][i] = rrin[i];
79  NET.Outn[0][i+1] = rrin[i+1];
80  NET.Outn[0][i+2] = rrin[i+2];
81  }
82 
83 /* hidden and output layers */
84 
85  MLP_MatrixVectorBias(NET.vWeights[1],NET.Outn[0],
86  NET.Outn[1],NET.Nneur[1],NET.Nneur[0]);
87 
88  for(il=2; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
89  {
90  MLP_vSigmoideDeriv(NET.Outn[il-1],
91  deriv1[il-1],NET.Nneur[il-1]);
92  MLP_MatrixVectorBias(NET.vWeights[il],NET.Outn[il-1],
93  NET.Outn[il],NET.Nneur[il],
94  NET.Nneur[il-1]);
95  }
96  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
97  {
98  deriv1[NET.Nlayer-1][in] = 1;
99  }
100 }
101 
102 
103 /***********************************************************/
104 /* MLP_Out_T */
105 /* */
106 /* computes the output of the Neural Network when called */
107 /* from MLP_Test */
108 /* inputs: double *rrin = inputs of the MLP */
109 /* */
110 /* Author: J.Schwindling 23-Jul-1999 */
111 /***********************************************************/
112 
113 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void MLP_Out_T(type_pat *rrin)
114 {
115  int i, il, in, j, ilm1, m, mp1;
116  dbl a;
117 
118 /* input layer */
119 
120  m = NET.Nneur[0]%4;
121  if(m==0) goto L10;
122  for(j=0;j<m;j++) NET.Outn[0][j] = rrin[j];
123 L10:
124  mp1 = m+1;
125  for(i=mp1; i<=NET.Nneur[0]; i+=4)
126  {
127  NET.Outn[0][i-1] = rrin[i-1];
128  NET.Outn[0][i] = rrin[i];
129  NET.Outn[0][i+1] = rrin[i+1];
130  NET.Outn[0][i+2] = rrin[i+2];
131  }
132 
133 /* hidden and output layers */
134 
135 /* for(in=0;in<NET.Nneur[0]; in++) printf("%e %e\n",
136  NET.Outn[0][in],NET.Weights[1][0][in]);
137  printf("\n"); */
138  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
139  {
140  ilm1 = il-1;
141  m = NET.Nneur[ilm1]%4;
142  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
143  {
144  a = NET.Weights[il][in][0];
145  if(m==0) goto L20;
146  for(j=1;j<=m;j++) a +=
147  NET.Weights[il][in][j]*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
148 L20:
149  mp1 = m+1;
150  for(j=mp1; j<=NET.Nneur[ilm1]; j+=4)
151  {
152  a +=
153  NET.Weights[il][in][j+3]*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+2]+
154  NET.Weights[il][in][j+2]*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+1]+
155  NET.Weights[il][in][j+1]*NET.Outn[ilm1][j]+
156  NET.Weights[il][in][j]*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
157  }
158  switch(NET.T_func[il][in])
159  {
160  case 2: NET.Outn[il][in] = MLP_Sigmoide(a);
161  break;
162  case 1: NET.Outn[il][in] = a;
163  break;
164  case 0: NET.Outn[il][in] = 0;
165  break;
166  }
167  }
168  }
169 }
170 
171 
172 /***********************************************************/
173 /* MLP_Out2 */
174 /* */
175 /* computes the output of the Neural Network */
176 /* inputs: double *rrin = inputs of the MLP */
177 /* outputs: double *rrout = outputs of the MLP */
178 /* */
179 /* Author: J.Schwindling 29-Mar-99 */
180 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 16-Jul-99 unrolled loops */
181 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 20-Jul-99 fast sigmoid */
182 /***********************************************************/
183 
184 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void MLP_Out2(type_pat *rrin)
185 {
186  int il, in, m, mp1;
187  int i;
188  dbl **rrout, **deriv1;
189  dbl *prrout;
190  type_pat *prrin;
191  int nhid = NET.Nneur[1];
192  int nin = NET.Nneur[0];
193 
194  rrout = NET.Outn;
195  deriv1 = NET.Deriv1;
196 
197  m = NET.Nneur[0]%4;
198  if(m==0) goto L10;
199  if(m==1)
200  {
201  rrout[0][0] = rrin[1];
202  goto L10;
203  }
204  else if(m==2)
205  {
206  rrout[0][0] = rrin[1];
207  rrout[0][1] = rrin[2];
208  goto L10;
209  }
210  else if(m==3)
211  {
212  rrout[0][0] = rrin[1];
213  rrout[0][1] = rrin[2];
214  rrout[0][2] = rrin[3];
215  goto L10;
216  }
217 L10:
218  mp1 = m+1;
219  prrout = &(rrout[0][mp1]);
220  prrin = &(rrin[mp1+1]);
221  for(i=mp1; i<=NET.Nneur[0]; i+=4, prrout+=4, prrin+=4)
222  {
223  *(prrout-1) = *(prrin-1);
224  *prrout = *prrin;
225  *(prrout+1)= *(prrin+1);
226  *(prrout+2) = *(prrin+2);
227  }
228 
229 /* input layer */
230 
231  MLP_MatrixVectorBias(NET.vWeights[1],NET.Outn[0],
232  NET.Outn[1],nhid,nin);
233 
234 
235 /* hidden and output layers */
236 
237  for(il=2; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
238  {
239  MLP_vSigmoideDeriv(NET.Outn[il-1],deriv1[il-1],NET.Nneur[il-1]);
240  MLP_MatrixVectorBias(NET.vWeights[il],NET.Outn[il-1],
241  NET.Outn[il],NET.Nneur[il],NET.Nneur[il-1]);
242  }
243  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
244  deriv1[NET.Nlayer-1][in] = 1;
245 }
246 
247 
248 /***********************************************************/
249 /* MLP_Test_MM */
250 /* */
251 /* computes the MLP error function using matrix-matrix */
252 /* multiplications */
253 /* inputs: int ifile = file number: 0=learn, 1=test */
254 /* dbl *tmp = a pointer to an array of size */
255 /* 2 x number of neurons in first */
256 /* hidden layer */
257 /* */
258 /* return value (dbl) = error value */
259 /* */
260 /* Author: J.Schwindling 25-Jan-2000 */
261 /***********************************************************/
262 
263 dbl MLP_Test_MM(int ifile, dbl *tmp)
264 {
265  int ipat;
266  int npat = PAT.Npat[ifile];
267  int nhid = NET.Nneur[1];
268  int nin = NET.Nneur[0];
269  int jpat, j, il, ilm1, m, in, mp1;
270  dbl err, a, rrans;
271  dbl *pweights, *ptmp;
272 
273  err = 0;
274  for(ipat=0; ipat<npat-1; ipat+=2)
275  {
276  MLP_MM2rows(tmp, &(PAT.vRin[ifile][ipat*(nin+1)]),
277  NET.vWeights[1], 2, nhid, nin+1,
278  nin+1, nin+1);
279 
280  switch(NET.T_func[1][0])
281  {
282  case 2:
283  ptmp = &(tmp[0]);
284  MLP_vSigmoide(ptmp,2*nhid);
285  break;
286 
287  case 1:
288  break;
289 
290  case 0:
291  for(jpat=0; jpat<2; jpat++)
292  {
293  for(j=0; j<nhid; j++)
294  {
295  tmp[j+jpat*nhid] = 0;
296  }
297  }
298  break;
299  }
300 
301  for(jpat=0; jpat<2; jpat++)
302  {
303  for(in=0; in<nhid; in++)
304  {
305  NET.Outn[1][in] = tmp[jpat*nhid+in];
306  }
307  for(il=2; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
308  {
309  ilm1 = il-1;
310  m = NET.Nneur[ilm1]%4;
311  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
312  {
313  pweights = &(NET.Weights[il][in][0]);
314  a = *pweights;
315  pweights++;
316  if(m==0) goto L20;
317  for(j=1;j<=m;j++,pweights++) a +=
318  (*pweights)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
319 L20:
320  mp1 = m+1;
321  for(j=mp1; j<=NET.Nneur[ilm1];
322  j+=4, pweights+=4)
323  {
324  a +=
325  *(pweights+3)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+2]+
326  *(pweights+2)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+1]+
327  *(pweights+1)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j]+
328  *(pweights )*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
329  }
330  switch(NET.T_func[il][in])
331  {
332  case 2: NET.Outn[il][in] = MLP_Sigmoide(a);
333  break;
334  case 1: NET.Outn[il][in] = a;
335  break;
336  case 0: NET.Outn[il][in] = 0;
337  break;
338  }
339  }
340  if(il == NET.Nlayer-1)
341  {
342  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
343  {
344  rrans = (dbl) PAT.Rans[ifile][ipat+jpat][in];
345  err += (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
346  (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
347  PAT.Pond[ifile][ipat+jpat];
348  }
349  }
350  }
351  }
352  }
353 
354 /* cas npat impair */
355  for(ipat=ipat; ipat<npat; ipat++)
356  {
357  MLP_MatrixVector(NET.vWeights[1],
358  &(PAT.vRin[ifile][ipat*(nin+1)]),tmp,
359  nhid,nin+1);
360 
361  switch(NET.T_func[1][0])
362  {
363  case 2:
364  ptmp = &(tmp[0]);
365  MLP_vSigmoide(ptmp,2*nhid);
366  break;
367 
368  case 1:
369  break;
370 
371  case 0:
372  for(j=0; j<nhid; j++)
373  {
374  tmp[j] = 0;
375  }
376  break;
377  }
378 
379  for(in=0; in<nhid; in++)
380  {
381  NET.Outn[1][in] = tmp[in];
382  }
383  for(il=2; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
384  {
385  ilm1 = il-1;
386  m = NET.Nneur[ilm1]%4;
387  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
388  {
389  pweights = &(NET.Weights[il][in][0]);
390  a = *pweights;
391  pweights++;
392  if(m==0) goto L25;
393  for(j=1;j<=m;j++,pweights++) a +=
394  (*pweights)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
395 L25:
396  mp1 = m+1;
397  for(j=mp1; j<=NET.Nneur[ilm1];
398  j+=4, pweights+=4)
399  {
400  a +=
401  *(pweights+3)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+2]+
402  *(pweights+2)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j+1]+
403  *(pweights+1)*NET.Outn[ilm1][j]+
404  *(pweights )*NET.Outn[ilm1][j-1];
405  }
406  switch(NET.T_func[il][in])
407  {
408  case 2: NET.Outn[il][in] = MLP_Sigmoide(a);
409  break;
410  case 1: NET.Outn[il][in] = a;
411  break;
412  case 0: NET.Outn[il][in] = 0;
413  break;
414  }
415  }
416  if(il == NET.Nlayer-1)
417  {
418  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
419  {
420  rrans = (dbl) PAT.Rans[ifile][ipat][in];
421  err += (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
422  (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
423  PAT.Pond[ifile][ipat];
424  }
425  }
426  }
427  }
428  return(err);
429 }
430 
431 
432 /***********************************************************/
433 /* MLP_Test */
434 /* */
435 /* computes the MLP error function */
436 /* inputs: int ifile = file number: 0=learn, 1=test */
437 /* int regul = 0: no regularisation term */
438 /* 1: regularisation term */
439 /* (for hybrid learning method) */
440 /* */
441 /* return value (dbl) = error value */
442 /* */
443 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
444 /***********************************************************/
445 
446 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl MLP_Test(int ifile,int regul)
447 {
448  dbl err, rrans;
449  int in,jn,ipat,ipati;
450 
451  dbl *tmp;
452 
453  tmp = (dbl *) malloc(2 * NET.Nneur[1] * sizeof(dbl));
454  if(tmp == nullptr) /* not enough memory */
455  {
456  printf("not enough memory in MLP_Test\n");
457  err = 0;
458  for(ipat=0; ipat<PAT.Npat[ifile]; ipat++)
459  {
460  if(ifile==0)
461  {
462  ipati = ExamplesIndex[ipat];
463  }
464  else
465  {
466  ipati = ipat;
467  }
468  MLP_Out_T(PAT.Rin[ifile][ipati]);
469  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
470  {
471  rrans = (dbl) PAT.Rans[ifile][ipati][in];
472  err += (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
473  (rrans-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
474  PAT.Pond[ifile][ipati];
475  }
476  }
477 
478  if(regul>=1)
479  {
480  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
481  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-2]; jn++)
482  {
483  err += LEARN.Alambda*NET.Weights[NET.Nlayer-1][in][jn]*
484  NET.Weights[NET.Nlayer-1][in][jn];
485  }
486  }
487  free(tmp);
488  return(err);
489  }
490  else /* computation using matrix - matrix multiply */
491  {
492  err = MLP_Test_MM(ifile, tmp);
493  if(regul>=1)
494  {
495  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
496  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-2]; jn++)
497  {
498  err += LEARN.Alambda*NET.Weights[NET.Nlayer-1][in][jn]*
499  NET.Weights[NET.Nlayer-1][in][jn];
500  }
501  }
502  free(tmp);
503  return(err);
504  }
505 }
506 
507 
508 /***********************************************************/
509 /* MLP_Stochastic */
510 /* */
511 /* one epoch of MLP stochastic training */
512 /* (optimized for speed) */
513 /* */
514 /* Author: J.Schwindling 08-Jul-99 */
515 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 20-Jul-99 remove unused cases */
516 /***********************************************************/
517 
518 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl MLP_Stochastic()
519 {
520  int ipat, ii, inm1;
521  dbl err = 0;
522  int il, in1, in, itest2;
523  dbl deriv, deriv1, deriv2, deriv3, deriv4, pond;
524  dbl eta, eps;
525  dbl a, b, dd, a1, a2, a3, a4;
526  dbl *pout, *pdelta, *pw1, *pw2, *pw3, *pw4;
527  dbl ***weights;
528 
529  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf(" Entry MLP_Stochastic\n");
530  weights = NET.Weights;
531 /* shuffle patterns */
532  ShuffleExamples(PAT.Npat[0],ExamplesIndex);
533 
534 /* reduce learning parameter */
535  if(LEARN.Decay<1) EtaDecay();
536 
537  eta = -LEARN.eta;
538  eps = LEARN.epsilon;
539 
540 /* loop on the examples */
541  for(ipat=0;ipat<PAT.Npat[0];ipat++)
542  {
543  ii = ExamplesIndex[ipat];
544  pond = PAT.Pond[0][ii];
545 
546  MLP_Out2(&(PAT.vRin[0][ii*(NET.Nneur[0]+1)]));
547 
548 /* next lines are equivalent to DeDwSum */
549  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
550  {
551  deriv = NET.Deriv1[NET.Nlayer-1][in];
552  a = (dbl) PAT.Rans[0][ii][in];
553  b = NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in]-a;
554  err += b*b*pond;
555  NET.Delta[NET.Nlayer-1][in] = b*deriv*pond*eta;
556  }
557 
558  for(il=NET.Nlayer-2; il>0; il--)
559  {
560  dd = NET.Delta[il+1][0];
561  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]-3; in+=4)
562  {
563  deriv1 = NET.Deriv1[il][in];
564  deriv2 = NET.Deriv1[il][in+1];
565  deriv3 = NET.Deriv1[il][in+2];
566  deriv4 = NET.Deriv1[il][in+3];
567  itest2 = (NET.Nneur[il+1]==1);
568  a1 = dd*weights[il+1][0][in+1];
569  a2 = dd*weights[il+1][0][in+2];
570  a3 = dd*weights[il+1][0][in+3];
571  a4 = dd*weights[il+1][0][in+4];
572  if(itest2) goto L1;
573  pdelta = &(NET.Delta[il+1][1]);
574  for(in1=1; in1<NET.Nneur[il+1];
575  in1++, pdelta++)
576  {
577  a1 += *pdelta * weights[il+1][in1][in+1];
578  a2 += *pdelta * weights[il+1][in1][in+2];
579  a3 += *pdelta * weights[il+1][in1][in+3];
580  a4 += *pdelta * weights[il+1][in1][in+4];
581  }
582 L1: NET.Delta[il][in] = a1*deriv1;
583  NET.Delta[il][in+1] = a2*deriv2;
584  NET.Delta[il][in+2] = a3*deriv3;
585  NET.Delta[il][in+3] = a4*deriv4;
586  }
587  for(in=in; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
588  {
589  deriv = NET.Deriv1[il][in];
590  itest2 = (NET.Nneur[il+1]==1);
591  a = dd*weights[il+1][0][in+1];
592  if(itest2) goto L2;
593  pdelta = &(NET.Delta[il+1][1]);
594  for(in1=1; in1<NET.Nneur[il+1];
595  in1++, pdelta++)
596  {
597  a += *pdelta *
598  weights[il+1][in1][in+1];
599  }
600 L2: NET.Delta[il][in] = a*deriv;
601  }
602 
603  } /* end of loop on layers */
604 
605 
606 /* update the weights */
607  if(eps==0)
608  {
609  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
610  {
611  inm1 = NET.Nneur[il-1];
612  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]-3; in+=4)
613  {
614  a1 = NET.Delta[il][in];
615  a2 = NET.Delta[il][in+1];
616  a3 = NET.Delta[il][in+2];
617  a4 = NET.Delta[il][in+3];
618  pout = &(NET.Outn[il-1][0]);
619  weights[il][in][0] += a1;
620  weights[il][in+1][0] += a2;
621  weights[il][in+2][0] += a3;
622  weights[il][in+3][0] += a4;
623  weights[il][in][1] += a1* (*pout);
624  weights[il][in+1][1] += a2* (*pout);
625  weights[il][in+2][1] += a3* (*pout);
626  weights[il][in+3][1] += a4* (*pout);
627  pout++;
628  pw1 = &(weights[il][in][2]);
629  pw2 = &(weights[il][in+1][2]);
630  pw3 = &(weights[il][in+2][2]);
631  pw4 = &(weights[il][in+3][2]);
632  for(in1=2; in1<=inm1;
633  ++in1, ++pout, ++pw1, ++pw2,
634  ++pw3, ++pw4)
635  {
636  *pw1 += a1 * *pout;
637  *pw2 += a2 * *pout;
638  *pw3 += a3 * *pout;
639  *pw4 += a4 * *pout;
640  }
641  }
642  for(in=in; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
643  {
644  a1 = NET.Delta[il][in];
645  pout = &(NET.Outn[il-1][0]);
646  weights[il][in][0] += a1;
647  weights[il][in][1] += a1* (*pout);
648  pout++;
649  pw1 = &(weights[il][in][2]);
650  for(in1=2; in1<=inm1;
651  ++in1, ++pout, ++pw1)
652  {
653  *pw1 += a1 * *pout;
654  }
655  }
656  }
657  }
658  else
659  {
660  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
661  {
662  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
663  {
664 
665  a = NET.Delta[il][in];
666  LEARN.Odw[il][in][0] = a + eps * LEARN.Odw[il][in][0];
667  NET.Weights[il][in][0] += LEARN.Odw[il][in][0];
668 
669  b = a*NET.Outn[il-1][0];
670  LEARN.Odw[il][in][1] = b + eps*LEARN.Odw[il][in][1];
671  NET.Weights[il][in][1] += LEARN.Odw[il][in][1];
672 
673  for(in1=2; in1<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; in1++)
674  {
675  b = a*NET.Outn[il-1][in1-1];
676  LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1] = b + eps*LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1];
677  NET.Weights[il][in][in1] += LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1];
678  }
679  }
680  }
681  }
682 
683  } /* end of loop on examples */
684  return(err);
685 }
686 
687 
688 /***********************************************************/
689 /* MLP_Epoch */
690 /* */
691 /* one epoch of MLP training */
692 /* inputs: int iepoch = epoch number */
693 /* dbl *alpmin = optimal alpha from Line Search*/
694 /* */
695 /* return value (dbl) = error value on learning sample */
696 /* BEFORE changing the weights */
697 /* */
698 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
699 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 09-Apr-99 */
700 /* re-organize routine */
701 /* J.Schwindling 13-Apr-99 */
702 /* remove Quickprop algorithm */
703 /* implement Ribiere-Polak conjugate grad. */
704 /***********************************************************/
705 
706 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl MLP_Epoch(int iepoch, dbl *alpmin, int *Ntest)
707 {
708  dbl err, ONorm, beta, prod, ddir;
709 /* int *index;*/
710  int Nweights, Nlinear, ipat, ierr;
711  int nn;
712 
713  err = 0;
714  *alpmin = 0.;
715 
716  Nweights = NET.Nweights;
717  Nlinear = NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-2] + 1;
718 
719  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf(" Entry MLP_Epoch\n");
720 /* stochastic minimization */
721  if(LEARN.Meth==1)
722  {
723 
724  err = MLP_Stochastic();
725 
726  }
727  else
728  {
729  if(iepoch==1 && LEARN.Meth==7)
730  {
731  SetLambda(10000);
732  MLP_ResLin();
733  if(NET.Debug>=2) PrintWeights();
734  }
735 
736 /* save previous gradient and reset current one */
737  DeDwSaveZero();
738  if(LEARN.Meth==16)
739  {
740  ShuffleExamples(PAT.Npat[0],ExamplesIndex);
741  nn = PAT.Npat[0];
742  PAT.Npat[0] = nn/10;
743  for(ipat=0;ipat<nn;ipat++)
744  {
745  ierr = MLP_Train(&ExamplesIndex[ipat],&err);
746  if(ierr!=0) printf("Epoch: ierr= %d\n",ierr);
747  }
748  }
749  else
750  {
751  for(ipat=0;ipat<PAT.Npat[0];ipat++)
752  {
753  ierr = MLP_Train(&ipat,&err);
754  if(ierr!=0) printf("Epoch: ierr= %d\n",ierr);
755  }
756  }
757  DeDwScale(PAT.Npat[0]);
758  if(LEARN.Meth==2) StochStep();
759  if(LEARN.Meth==3)
760  {
761  SteepestDir();
762  if(LineSearch(alpmin,Ntest,err)==1) StochStep();
763  }
764 
765 /* Conjugate Gradients Ribiere - Polak */
766  if(LEARN.Meth==4)
767  {
768  if((iepoch-1)%LEARN.Nreset==0)
769  {
770  LEARN.Norm = DeDwNorm(); /* for next epoch */
771  SteepestDir();
772  }
773  else
774  {
775  ONorm = LEARN.Norm;
776  LEARN.Norm = DeDwNorm();
777  prod = DeDwProd();
778  beta = (LEARN.Norm-prod)/ONorm;
779  CGDir(beta);
780  }
781  if(LineSearch(alpmin,Ntest,err)==1) StochStep();
782  }
783 
784 /* Conjugate Gradients Fletcher - Reeves */
785  if(LEARN.Meth==5)
786  {
787  if((iepoch-1)%LEARN.Nreset==0)
788  {
789  LEARN.Norm = DeDwNorm(); /* for next epoch */
790  SteepestDir();
791  }
792  else
793  {
794  ONorm = LEARN.Norm;
795  LEARN.Norm = DeDwNorm();
796  beta = LEARN.Norm/ONorm;
797  CGDir(beta);
798  }
799  if(LineSearch(alpmin,Ntest,err)==1) StochStep();
800  }
801  if(LEARN.Meth==6)
802  {
803  if((iepoch-1)%LEARN.Nreset==0)
804  {
805  SteepestDir();
806  InitBFGSH(Nweights);
807  }
808  else
809  {
810  GetGammaDelta();
811  ierr = GetBFGSH(Nweights);
812  if(ierr)
813  {
814  SteepestDir();
815  InitBFGSH(Nweights);
816  }
817  else
818  {
819  BFGSdir(Nweights);
820  }
821  }
822  ddir = DerivDir();
823  if(ddir>0)
824  {
825  SteepestDir();
826  InitBFGSH(Nweights);
827  ddir = DerivDir();
828  }
829  if(LineSearch(alpmin,Ntest,err)==1)
830  {
831  InitBFGSH(Nweights);
832  SteepestDir();
833  if(LineSearch(alpmin,Ntest,err)==1)
834  {
835  printf("Line search fail \n");
836  }
837  }
838  }
839  if(LEARN.Meth==7)
840  {
841  if((iepoch-1)%LEARN.Nreset==0)
842  {
843  SteepestDir();
844  InitBFGSH(Nweights-Nlinear);
845  }
846  else
847  {
848  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf("Before GetGammaDelta \n");
849  GetGammaDelta();
850  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf("After GetGammaDelta \n");
851  ierr = GetBFGSH(Nweights-Nlinear);
852  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf("After GetBFGSH \n");
853  if(ierr)
854  {
855  SteepestDir();
856  InitBFGSH(Nweights-Nlinear);
857  }
858  else
859  {
860  BFGSdir(Nweights-Nlinear);
861  }
862  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf("After BFGSdir \n");
863  }
864  SetLambda(10000);
865  if(LineSearchHyb(alpmin,Ntest)==1)
866  {
867  InitBFGSH(Nweights-Nlinear);
868  SteepestDir();
869  if(LineSearchHyb(alpmin,Ntest)==1)
870  {
871  printf("Line search fail \n");
872  }
873  }
874  }
875  }
876 
877  if(NET.Debug>=5) printf(" End MLP_Epoch\n");
878  return(err);
879 }
880 
881 
882 /***********************************************************/
883 /* MLP_Train */
884 /* */
885 /* Train Network: compute output, update DeDw */
886 /* inputs: int *ipat = pointer to pattern number */
887 /* input/output: dbl *err = current error */
888 /* */
889 /* return value (int) = error value: 1 wrong pattern number*/
890 /* 2 *ipat < 0 */
891 /* */
892 /* Author: J.Schwindling 09-Apr-99 */
893 /***********************************************************/
894 
895 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int MLP_Train(int *ipat, dbl *err)
896 {
897  int in;
898 
899 /* if(*ipat>=PAT.Npat[0]) return(1);*/
900  if(*ipat<0) return(2);
901 
902 /* MLP_Out(PAT.Rin[0][*ipat],NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1]);*/
903  MLP_Out2(&(PAT.vRin[0][*ipat*(NET.Nneur[0]+1)]));
904  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
905  {
906  *err += ((dbl) PAT.Rans[0][*ipat][in]-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])
907  *((dbl) PAT.Rans[0][*ipat][in]-NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1][in])*
908  PAT.Pond[0][*ipat];
909  }
910  DeDwSum(PAT.Rans[0][*ipat],NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1],*ipat);
911  return(0);
912 }
913 
914 
915 /***********************************************************/
916 /* StochStepHyb */
917 /* */
918 /* Update the weights according to stochastic minimization */
919 /* formula (for hybrid methods) */
920 /* */
921 /* return value (int) = 0 */
922 /* */
923 /* Author: J.Schwindling 09-Apr-99 */
924 /***********************************************************/
925 
926 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int StochStepHyb()
927 {
928  int il, in1, in;
929  dbl eta, eps;
930 
931  eta = LEARN.eta;
932  eps = LEARN.epsilon;
933  for(il=NET.Nlayer-2; il>0; il--) {
934 
935  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++) {
936 
937  /* compute delta weights */
938  for(in1=0; in1<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; in1++) {
939  LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1] = -eta * LEARN.DeDw[il][in][in1]
940  + eps * LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1];
941  }
942 
943  /* update weights */
944  for(in1=0; in1<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; in1++) {
945  NET.Weights[il][in][in1] += LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1];
946  }
947  }
948  }
949  MLP_ResLin();
950  return(0);
951 }
952 
953 
954 /***********************************************************/
955 /* StochStep */
956 /* */
957 /* Update the weights according to stochastic minimization */
958 /* formula */
959 /* */
960 /* return value (int) = 0 */
961 /* */
962 /* Author: J.Schwindling 09-Apr-99 */
963 /***********************************************************/
964 
965 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int StochStep()
966 {
967  int il, in1, in;
968  dbl eta, eps, epseta;
969 
970  eta = -LEARN.eta;
971  eps = LEARN.epsilon;
972  epseta = eps/eta;
973  for(il=NET.Nlayer-1; il>0; il--) {
974  for(in1=0; in1<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; in1++) {
975 
976  /* compute delta weights */
977  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++) {
978  LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1] = eta * (LEARN.DeDw[il][in][in1]
979  + epseta * LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1]);
980  NET.Weights[il][in][in1] += LEARN.Odw[il][in][in1];
981  }
982 
983  }
984  }
985 
986  return(0);
987 }
988 
989 
990 /***********************************************************/
991 /* DeDwNorm */
992 /* */
993 /* computes the norm of the gradient */
994 /* */
995 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
996 /***********************************************************/
997 
998 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl DeDwNorm()
999 {
1000  int il,in,jn;
1001  dbl dd=0;
1002  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1003  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1004  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1005  dd += LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn]*
1006  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn];
1007  return(dd);
1008 }
1009 
1010 
1011 /***********************************************************/
1012 /* DeDwProd */
1013 /* */
1014 /* scalar product between new gradient and previous one */
1015 /* (used in Polak-Ribiere Conjugate Gradient method */
1016 /* */
1017 /* Author: J.Schwindling 26-Mar-99 */
1018 /***********************************************************/
1019 
1020 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl DeDwProd()
1021 {
1022  int il,in,jn;
1023  dbl dd=0;
1024  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1025  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1026  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1027  dd += LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn]*
1028  LEARN.ODeDw[il][in][jn];
1029  return(dd);
1030 }
1031 
1032 
1033 /***********************************************************/
1034 /* DeDwZero */
1035 /* */
1036 /* resets to 0 the gradient (should be done before DeDwSum)*/
1037 /* */
1038 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
1039 /***********************************************************/
1040 
1041 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void DeDwZero()
1042 {
1043  int il, in, jn;
1044  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1045  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1046  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1047  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn] = 0;
1048 }
1049 
1050 
1051 /***********************************************************/
1052 /* DeDwScale */
1053 /* */
1054 /* divides the gradient by the number of examples */
1055 /* inputs: int Nexamples = number of examples */
1056 /* */
1057 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
1058 /***********************************************************/
1059 
1060 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void DeDwScale(int Nexamples)
1061 {
1062  int il, in, jn;
1063  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1064  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1065  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1066  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn] /= (dbl) Nexamples;
1067 }
1068 
1069 
1070 /***********************************************************/
1071 /* DeDwSave */
1072 /* */
1073 /* copies the gradient DeDw into ODeDw */
1074 /* */
1075 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
1076 /***********************************************************/
1077 
1078 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void DeDwSave()
1079 {
1080  int il, in, jn;
1081  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1082  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1083  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1084  LEARN.ODeDw[il][in][jn] = LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn];
1085 }
1086 
1087 
1088 /***********************************************************/
1089 /* DeDwSaveZero */
1090 /* */
1091 /* copies the gradient DeDw into ODeDw */
1092 /* resets DeDw to 0 */
1093 /* */
1094 /* Author: J.Schwindling 23-Apr-99 */
1095 /***********************************************************/
1096 
1097 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void DeDwSaveZero()
1098 {
1099  int il, in, jn;
1100  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1101  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1102  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1103  {
1104  LEARN.ODeDw[il][in][jn] = LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn];
1105  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn] = 0;
1106  }
1107 }
1108 
1109 
1110 /***********************************************************/
1111 /* DeDwSum */
1112 /* */
1113 /* adds to the total gradient the gradient in the current */
1114 /* example */
1115 /* inputs: int Nexamples = number of examples */
1116 /* */
1117 /* Author: J.Schwindling 31-Mar-99 */
1118 /* Modified: B.Mansoulie 23-Apr-99 */
1119 /* faster and still correct way to compute the */
1120 /* sigmoid derivative */
1121 /***********************************************************/
1122 
1123 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int DeDwSum(type_pat *ans, dbl *out, int ipat)
1124 {
1125  int il, in1, in, ii;
1126 /* dbl err[NMAX][4]; */
1127  dbl deriv;
1128  dbl *pout, *pdedw, *pdelta;
1129  dbl a, b;
1130 /* char buf[50];*/
1131 
1132 /* output layer */
1133  b = (dbl) PAT.Pond[0][ipat];
1134  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
1135  {
1136  deriv = NET.Deriv1[NET.Nlayer-1][in];
1137  NET.Delta[NET.Nlayer-1][in] =
1138  (out[in] - (dbl) ans[in])*deriv*b;
1139  }
1140 
1141  for(il=NET.Nlayer-2; il>0; il--)
1142  {
1143 
1144  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1145  {
1146  deriv = NET.Deriv1[il][in];
1147  a = NET.Delta[il+1][0] * NET.Weights[il+1][0][in+1];
1148  pdelta = &(NET.Delta[il+1][1]);
1149  for(in1=1; in1<NET.Nneur[il+1]; in1++, pdelta++)
1150  {
1151  a += *pdelta * NET.Weights[il+1][in1][in+1];
1152  }
1153  NET.Delta[il][in] = a * deriv;
1154  }
1155  }
1156 
1157  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1158  {
1159  ii = NET.Nneur[il-1];
1160  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1161  {
1162  a = NET.Delta[il][in];
1163  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][0] += a;
1164  LEARN.DeDw[il][in][1] += a * NET.Outn[il-1][0];
1165  pout = &(NET.Outn[il-1][1]);
1166  pdedw = &(LEARN.DeDw[il][in][2]);
1167  for(in1=1; in1<ii; ++in1, ++pout, ++pdedw)
1168  {
1169  (*pdedw) += a * (*pout);
1170  }
1171  }
1172  }
1173 
1174  return(0);
1175 }
1176 
1177 
1178 /***********************************************************/
1179 /* SetTransFunc */
1180 /* */
1181 /* to set the transfert function of a neuron */
1182 /* inputs: int layer = layer number (1 -> Nlayer) */
1183 /* int neuron = neuron number (1 -> Nneur) */
1184 /* int func = transfert function: */
1185 /* 0: y=0 */
1186 /* 1: y=x */
1187 /* 2: y=1/(1+exp(-x)) */
1188 /* 3: y=tanh(x) */
1189 /* 4: y=delta*x+1/(1+exp(-x)) */
1190 /* 5: y=exp(-x**2) */
1191 /* */
1192 /* return value (int) = error value: */
1193 /* 0: no error */
1194 /* 1: layer > 4 */
1195 /* 2: neuron > NMAX */
1196 /* */
1197 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1198 /***********************************************************/
1199 
1200 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int SetTransFunc(int layer, int neuron,
1201  int func)
1202 {
1203  if(layer>NLMAX) return(1);
1204 /* if(neuron>NMAX) return(2);*/
1205 
1206  NET.T_func[layer-1][neuron-1] = func;
1207 
1208  return(0);
1209 }
1210 
1211 
1212 /***********************************************************/
1213 /* SetDefaultFuncs */
1214 /* */
1215 /* - sets the default transfer functions to sigmoid for */
1216 /* hidden layers and linear for output layer */
1217 /* - sets temperatures to 1 */
1218 /* */
1219 /* */
1220 /* Author: J.Schwindling 08-Apr-99 */
1221 /***********************************************************/
1222 
1223 void SetDefaultFuncs()
1224 {
1225  int il,in;
1226  for(il=0; il<NET.Nlayer; il++) {
1227  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++) {
1228  NET.T_func[il][in] = 2;
1229  if(il==NET.Nlayer-1) NET.T_func[il][in] = 1;
1230  }
1231  }
1232 
1233 }
1234 
1235 
1236 /***********************************************************/
1237 /* SteepestDir */
1238 /* */
1239 /* sets the search direction to steepest descent */
1240 /* */
1241 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1242 /***********************************************************/
1243 
1244 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void SteepestDir()
1245 {
1246  int il,in,jn;
1247  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1248  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1249  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1250  dir[il][in][jn] = -LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn];
1251 }
1252 
1253 
1254 /***********************************************************/
1255 /* CGDir */
1256 /* */
1257 /* sets the search direction to conjugate gradient dir */
1258 /* inputs: dbl beta : d(t+1) = -g(t+1) + beta d(t) */
1259 /* beta should be: */
1260 /* ||g(t+1)||^2 / ||g(t)||^2 (Fletcher-Reeves) */
1261 /* g(t+1) (g(t+1)-g(t)) / ||g(t)||^2 (Polak-Ribiere) */
1262 /* */
1263 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1264 /***********************************************************/
1265 
1266 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void CGDir(dbl beta)
1267 {
1268  int il,in,jn;
1269  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1270  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1271  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1272  {
1273  dir[il][in][jn] = -LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn]+
1274  beta*dir[il][in][jn];
1275  }
1276 }
1277 
1278 
1279 /***********************************************************/
1280 /* DerivDir */
1281 /* */
1282 /* scalar product between gradient and direction */
1283 /* = derivative along direction */
1284 /* */
1285 /* Author: J.Schwindling 01-Jul-99 */
1286 /***********************************************************/
1287 
1288 /* extern "C"Dllexport */dbl DerivDir()
1289 {
1290  int il,in,jn;
1291  dbl ddir = 0;
1292 
1293  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1294  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1295  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1296  {
1297  ddir += LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn]*dir[il][in][jn];
1298  }
1299  return(ddir);
1300 }
1301 
1302 
1303 /***********************************************************/
1304 /* GetGammaDelta */
1305 /* */
1306 /* sets the vectors Gamma (=g(t+1)-g(t)) */
1307 /* and delta (=w(t+1)-w(t)) */
1308 /* (for BFGS and Hybrid learning methods) */
1309 /* */
1310 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1311 /***********************************************************/
1312 
1313 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void GetGammaDelta()
1314 {
1315  int i=0;
1316  int il,in,jn;
1317  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1318  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1319  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1320  {
1321  Gamma[i] = LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn]-
1322  LEARN.ODeDw[il][in][jn];
1323  delta[i] = LEARN.Odw[il][in][jn];
1324  i++;
1325  }
1326 }
1327 
1328 
1329 /***********************************************************/
1330 /* BFGSDir */
1331 /* */
1332 /* sets the search direction to BFGS direction from the */
1333 /* BFGS matrix */
1334 /* */
1335 /* inputs: int Nweights = number of weights */
1336 /* */
1337 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1338 /***********************************************************/
1339 
1340 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void BFGSdir(int Nweights)
1341 {
1342  dbl *g, *s;
1343  int kk=0;
1344  int il,i,j,in,jn;
1345 
1346  g = (dbl*) malloc(NET.Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
1347  s = (dbl*) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
1348 
1349  for(il=1; kk<Nweights; il++)
1350  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1351  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1352  {
1353  g[kk] = LEARN.DeDw[il][in][jn];
1354  kk++;
1355  }
1356  for(i=0; i<Nweights; i++)
1357  {
1358  s[i] = 0;
1359  for(j=0; j<Nweights; j++)
1360  {
1361  s[i] += BFGSH[i][j] * g[j];
1362  }
1363  }
1364 
1365  kk = 0;
1366  for(il=1; kk<Nweights; il++)
1367  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1368  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1369  {
1370  dir[il][in][jn] = -s[kk];
1371  kk++;
1372  }
1373  free(g);
1374  free(s);
1375 }
1376 
1377 
1378 /***********************************************************/
1379 /* InitBFGS */
1380 /* */
1381 /* initializes BFGS matrix to identity */
1382 /* */
1383 /* inputs: int Nweights = number of weights */
1384 /* */
1385 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1386 /***********************************************************/
1387 
1388 /* extern "C"Dllexport */void InitBFGSH(int Nweights)
1389 {
1390  int i,j;
1391  for(i=0; i<Nweights; i++)
1392  for(j=0; j<Nweights; j++)
1393  {
1394  BFGSH[i][j] = 0;
1395  if(i==j) BFGSH[i][j] = 1;
1396  }
1397 }
1398 
1399 
1400 /***********************************************************/
1401 /* GetBFGSH */
1402 /* */
1403 /* sets the BFGS matrix */
1404 /* */
1405 /* inputs: int Nweights = number of weights */
1406 /* */
1407 /* return value (int) = 0 if no problem */
1408 /* 1 is deltaTgamma = 0 -> switch to */
1409 /* steepest dir */
1410 /* */
1411 /* Author: J.Schwindling 02-Apr-99 */
1412 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 04-May-99 */
1413 /* computations as Nw^2 , matrices removed */
1414 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 11-Jun-99 */
1415 /* return value */
1416 /***********************************************************/
1417 
1418 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int GetBFGSH(int Nweights)
1419 {
1420  typedef double dble;
1421  dble deltaTgamma=0;
1422  dble factor=0;
1423  dble *Hgamma;
1424  dble *tmp;
1425  dble a, b;
1426  int i,j;
1427 
1428  Hgamma = (dble *) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dble));
1429  tmp = (dble *) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dble));
1430 
1431  for(i=0; i<Nweights; i++)
1432  {
1433  deltaTgamma += (dble) delta[i] * (dble) Gamma[i];
1434  a = 0;
1435  b = 0;
1436  for(j=0; j<Nweights; j++)
1437  {
1438  a += (dble) BFGSH[i][j] * (dble) Gamma[j];
1439  b += (dble) Gamma[j] * (dble) BFGSH[j][i];
1440  }
1441  Hgamma[i] = a;
1442  tmp[i] = b;
1443  factor += (dble) Gamma[i]*Hgamma[i];
1444  }
1445  if(deltaTgamma == 0)
1446  {
1447  free(tmp);
1448  free(Hgamma);
1449  return 1;
1450  }
1451  a = 1 / deltaTgamma;
1452  factor = 1 + factor*a;
1453 
1454  for(i=0; i<Nweights; i++)
1455  {
1456  b = (dble) delta[i];
1457  for(j=0; j<Nweights; j++)
1458  BFGSH[i][j] += (dbl) (factor*b* (dble)
1459  delta[j]-(tmp[j]*b+Hgamma[i]*(dble)delta[j]))*a;
1460  }
1461  free(Hgamma);
1462  free(tmp);
1463  return 0;
1464 }
1465 
1466 
1467 /***********************************************************/
1468 /* LineSearch */
1469 /* */
1470 /* search along the line defined by dir */
1471 /* */
1472 /* outputs: dbl *alpmin = optimal step length */
1473 /* */
1474 /* Author: B.Mansoulie 01-Jul-98 */
1475 /***********************************************************/
1476 
1477 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1478 int LineSearch(dbl *alpmin, int *Ntest, dbl Err0)
1479 {
1480  dbl ***w0;
1481  dbl alpha1, alpha2, alpha3;
1482  dbl err1, err2, err3;
1483  dbl tau;
1484  int icount, il, in, jn;
1485 
1486  tau=LEARN.Tau;
1487 
1488 /* store weights before line search */
1489 
1490  *Ntest = 0;
1491  w0 = (dbl ***) malloc(NET.Nlayer*sizeof(dbl**));
1492  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1493  {
1494  w0[il] = (dbl **) malloc(NET.Nneur[il]*sizeof(dbl*));
1495  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1496  {
1497  w0[il][in] = (dbl *) malloc((NET.Nneur[il-1]+1)*
1498  sizeof(dbl));
1499  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1500  {
1501  w0[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn];
1502  }
1503  }
1504  }
1505 
1506 /* compute error(w0) */
1507 
1508 /* err1 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1509  (*Ntest) ++;*/
1510  err1 = Err0;
1511 
1512  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("err depart= %f\n",err1);
1513 
1514  *alpmin = 0;
1515  alpha1 = 0;
1516 /* alpha2 = 0.05;
1517  if(LastAlpha != 0) alpha2 = LastAlpha;*/
1518  alpha2 = LastAlpha;
1519  if(alpha2 < 0.01) alpha2 = 0.01;
1520  if(alpha2 > 2.0) alpha2 = 2.0;
1521  MLP_Line(w0,alpha2);
1522  err2 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1523  (*Ntest) ++;
1524  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("alpha, err= %e %e\n",alpha2,err2);
1525 
1526  alpha3 = alpha2;
1527  err3 = err2;
1528 
1529 /* try to find a triplet (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3) such that
1530  Error(alpha1)>Error(alpha2)<Error(alpha3) */
1531 
1532  if(err1>err2)
1533  {
1534  for(icount=1;icount<=100;icount++)
1535  {
1536  alpha3 = alpha3*tau;
1537  MLP_Line(w0,alpha3);
1538  err3 =MLP_Test(0,0);
1539  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("alpha, err= %e %e\n",alpha3,err3);
1540  (*Ntest) ++;
1541  if(err3>err2) break;
1542  alpha1 = alpha2;
1543  err1 = err2;
1544  alpha2 = alpha3;
1545  err2 = err3;
1546  }
1547  if(icount>=100) /* line search fails */
1548  {
1549  MLP_Line(w0,0); /* reset weights */
1550  free(w0);
1551  return(1);
1552  }
1553  }
1554  else
1555  {
1556  for(icount=1;icount<=100;icount++)
1557  {
1558  alpha2 = alpha2/tau;
1559  MLP_Line(w0,alpha2);
1560  err2 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1561  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("alpha, err= %e %e\n",alpha2,err2);
1562  (*Ntest) ++;
1563  if(err1>err2) break;
1564  alpha3 = alpha2;
1565  err3 = err2;
1566  }
1567  if(icount>=100) /* line search fails */
1568  {
1569  MLP_Line(w0,0); /* reset weights */
1570  free(w0);
1571  LastAlpha = 0.05; /* try to be safe */
1572  return(1);
1573  }
1574  }
1575 
1576 /* find bottom of parabola */
1577 
1578  *alpmin = 0.5*(alpha1+alpha3-(err3-err1)/((err3-err2)/(alpha3-alpha2)
1579  -(err2-err1)/(alpha2-alpha1)));
1580  if(*alpmin>10000) *alpmin=10000;
1581 
1582 /* set the weights */
1583  MLP_Line(w0,*alpmin);
1584  LastAlpha = *alpmin;
1585 
1586 /* store weight changes */
1587  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1588  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1589  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1590  LEARN.Odw[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn]
1591  - w0[il][in][jn];
1592 
1593  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1594  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1595  free(w0[il][in]);
1596  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1597  free(w0[il]);
1598  free(w0);
1599 
1600  return(0);
1601 }
1602 
1603 
1604 /***********************************************************/
1605 /* DecreaseSearch */
1606 /* */
1607 /* search along the line defined by dir for a point where */
1608 /* error is decreased (faster than full line search) */
1609 /* */
1610 /* outputs: dbl *alpmin = step length */
1611 /* */
1612 /* Author: J.Schwindling 11-May-99 */
1613 /***********************************************************/
1614 
1615 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1616 int DecreaseSearch(dbl *alpmin, int *Ntest, dbl Err0)
1617 {
1618  dbl ***w0;
1619  dbl alpha2;
1620  dbl err1, err2;
1621  dbl tau;
1622  int icount, il, in, jn;
1623 
1624  tau=LEARN.Tau;
1625 
1626 /* store weights before line search */
1627 
1628  *Ntest = 0;
1629  w0 = (dbl ***) malloc(NET.Nlayer*sizeof(dbl**));
1630  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1631  {
1632  w0[il] = (dbl **) malloc(NET.Nneur[il]*sizeof(dbl*));
1633  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1634  {
1635  w0[il][in] = (dbl *) malloc((NET.Nneur[il-1]+1)*
1636  sizeof(dbl));
1637  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1638  {
1639  w0[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn];
1640  }
1641  }
1642  }
1643 
1644 /* compute error(w0) */
1645 
1646 /* err1 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1647  (*Ntest) ++;*/
1648  err1 = Err0;
1649 
1650  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("err depart= %f\n",err1);
1651 
1652  *alpmin = 0;
1653  alpha2 = 0.05;
1654  MLP_Line(w0,alpha2);
1655  err2 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1656  (*Ntest) ++;
1657 
1658  if(err2<err1)
1659  {
1660  *alpmin = alpha2;
1661  }
1662  else
1663  {
1664 
1665 
1666  for(icount=1;icount<=100;icount++)
1667  {
1668  alpha2 = alpha2/tau;
1669  MLP_Line(w0,alpha2);
1670  err2 = MLP_Test(0,0);
1671  (*Ntest) ++;
1672  if(err1>err2) break;
1673  }
1674  if(icount>=100) /* line search fails */
1675  {
1676  MLP_Line(w0,0); /* reset weights */
1677  free(w0);
1678  return(1);
1679  }
1680  *alpmin = alpha2;
1681  }
1682 
1683 /* set the weights */
1684  MLP_Line(w0,*alpmin);
1685 
1686 /* store weight changes */
1687  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1688  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1689  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1690  LEARN.Odw[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn]
1691  - w0[il][in][jn];
1692 
1693  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1694  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1695  free(w0[il][in]);
1696  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1697  free(w0[il]);
1698  free(w0);
1699 
1700  return(0);
1701 }
1702 
1703 
1704 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int FixedStep(dbl alpha)
1705 {
1706  dbl ***w0;
1707  int il, in, jn;
1708 
1709  w0 = (dbl ***) malloc(NET.Nlayer*sizeof(dbl**));
1710  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1711  {
1712  w0[il] = (dbl **) malloc(NET.Nneur[il]*sizeof(dbl*));
1713  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1714  {
1715  w0[il][in] = (dbl *) malloc((NET.Nneur[il-1]+1)*
1716  sizeof(dbl));
1717  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1718  {
1719  w0[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn];
1720  }
1721  }
1722  }
1723 
1724 
1725 /* set the weights */
1726  MLP_Line(w0,alpha);
1727 
1728 /* store weight changes */
1729  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1730  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1731  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1732  LEARN.Odw[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn]
1733  - w0[il][in][jn];
1734 
1735  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1736  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1737  free(w0[il][in]);
1738  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1739  free(w0[il]);
1740  free(w0);
1741 
1742  return(0);
1743 }
1744 
1745 /***********************************************************/
1746 /* MLP_Line */
1747 /* */
1748 /* sets the weights to a point along a line */
1749 /* */
1750 /* inputs: dbl ***w0 = initial point */
1751 /* dbl alpha = step length */
1752 /* */
1753 /* Author: B.Mansoulie 01-Jul-98 */
1754 /***********************************************************/
1755 
1756 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1757 void MLP_Line(dbl ***w0, dbl alpha)
1758 {
1759  int il,in,jn;
1760 
1761  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
1762  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1763  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1764  NET.Weights[il][in][jn] = w0[il][in][jn]+
1765  alpha*dir[il][in][jn];
1766 
1767 }
1768 
1769 
1770 /***********************************************************/
1771 /* LineSearchHyb */
1772 /* */
1773 /* search along the line defined by dir */
1774 /* */
1775 /* outputs: dbl *alpmin = optimal step length */
1776 /* */
1777 /* Author: B.Mansoulie 01-Jul-98 */
1778 /***********************************************************/
1779 
1780 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1781 int LineSearchHyb(dbl *alpmin, int *Ntest)
1782 {
1783  dbl ***w0;
1784  dbl alpha1, alpha2, alpha3;
1785  dbl err1, err2, err3;
1786  dbl tau;
1787  int icount, il, in, jn;
1788 
1789 /* char buf [50];
1790  sprintf (buf,"entree linesearchhyb\n");
1791  MessageBoxA (0,buf,"dans FreePatterns",MB_OK);*/
1792 
1793  if(NET.Debug>=4){
1794  printf(" entry LineSearchHyb \n");
1795  }
1796  tau=LEARN.Tau;
1797 
1798 /* store weights before line search */
1799 
1800  *Ntest = 0;
1801  w0 = (dbl ***) malloc((NET.Nlayer-1)*sizeof(dbl**));
1802  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
1803  {
1804  w0[il] = (dbl **) malloc(NET.Nneur[il]*sizeof(dbl*));
1805  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1806  {
1807  w0[il][in] = (dbl *) malloc((NET.Nneur[il-1]+1)*
1808  sizeof(dbl));
1809  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1810  {
1811  w0[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn];
1812  }
1813  }
1814  }
1815 
1816 /* compute error(w0) */
1817  err1 = MLP_Test(0,1);
1818  (*Ntest) ++;
1819  if(NET.Debug>=4) printf("LinesearchHyb err depart= %f\n",err1);
1820 
1821  *alpmin = 0;
1822  alpha1 = 0;
1823 /* alpha2 = 0.05;
1824  if(LastAlpha != 0) alpha2 = LastAlpha;*/
1825  alpha2 = LastAlpha;
1826  if(alpha2 < 0.01) alpha2 = 0.01;
1827  if(alpha2 > 2.0) alpha2 = 2.0;
1828  MLP_LineHyb(w0,alpha2);
1829  err2 = MLP_Test(0,1);
1830  (*Ntest) ++;
1831 
1832  alpha3 = alpha2;
1833  err3 = err2;
1834 
1835 /* try to find a triplet (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3) such that
1836  Error(alpha1)>Error(alpha2)<Error(alpha3) */
1837 
1838  if(err1>err2)
1839  {
1840  for(icount=1;icount<=100;icount++)
1841  {
1842  alpha3 = alpha3*tau;
1843  MLP_LineHyb(w0,alpha3);
1844  err3 = MLP_Test(0,1);
1845  (*Ntest) ++;
1846  if(err3>err2) break;
1847  alpha1 = alpha2;
1848  err1 = err2;
1849  alpha2 = alpha3;
1850  err2 = err3;
1851  }
1852  if(icount>=100) /* line search fails */
1853  {
1854  MLP_LineHyb(w0,0); /* reset weights */
1855  free(w0);
1856  return(1);
1857  }
1858  }
1859  else
1860  {
1861  for(icount=1;icount<=100;icount++)
1862  {
1863  alpha2 = alpha2/tau;
1864  MLP_LineHyb(w0,alpha2);
1865  err2 = MLP_Test(0,1);
1866  (*Ntest) ++;
1867  if(err1>err2) break;
1868  alpha3 = alpha2;
1869  err3 = err2;
1870  }
1871  if(icount>=100) /* line search fails */
1872  {
1873  MLP_LineHyb(w0,0); /* reset weights */
1874  free(w0);
1875  return(1);
1876  }
1877  }
1878 
1879 /* find bottom of parabola */
1880 
1881  *alpmin = 0.5*(alpha1+alpha3-(err3-err1)/((err3-err2)/(alpha3-alpha2)
1882  -(err2-err1)/(alpha2-alpha1)));
1883  if(*alpmin>10000) *alpmin=10000;
1884 
1885 /* set the weights */
1886  MLP_LineHyb(w0,*alpmin);
1887  LastAlpha = *alpmin;
1888 
1889 /* store weight changes */
1890  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
1891  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1892  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1893  LEARN.Odw[il][in][jn] = NET.Weights[il][in][jn]
1894  - w0[il][in][jn];
1895 
1896  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
1897  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1898  free(w0[il][in]);
1899  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
1900  free(w0[il]);
1901  free(w0);
1902  if(NET.Debug>=4){
1903  printf(" exit LineSearchHyb \n");
1904  }
1905 
1906  return(0);
1907 }
1908 
1909 
1910 /***********************************************************/
1911 /* MLP_LineHyb */
1912 /* */
1913 /* sets the weights to a point along a line */
1914 /* (for hybrid methods) */
1915 /* */
1916 /* inputs: dbl ***w0 = initial point */
1917 /* dbl alpha = step length */
1918 /* */
1919 /* Author: B.Mansoulie 01-Jul-98 */
1920 /***********************************************************/
1921 
1922 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1923 void MLP_LineHyb(dbl ***w0, dbl alpha)
1924 {
1925  int il,in,jn;
1926  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
1927  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
1928  for(jn=0; jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
1929  {
1930  NET.Weights[il][in][jn] = w0[il][in][jn]+
1931  alpha*dir[il][in][jn];
1932  }
1933  MLP_ResLin();
1934 }
1935 
1936 
1937 /***********************************************************/
1938 /* SetLambda */
1939 /* */
1940 /* sets the coefficient of the regularisation term for */
1941 /* hybrid learning method */
1942 /* */
1943 /* input: double Wmax = typical maximum weight */
1944 /* */
1945 /* Author: J.Schwindling 13-Apr-99 */
1946 /***********************************************************/
1947 
1948 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1949 void SetLambda(double Wmax)
1950 {
1951  dbl err;
1952  err = MLP_Test(0,0);
1953  LEARN.Alambda =
1954  LEARN.Lambda*err/(Wmax*Wmax*(dbl)(NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-2]+1));
1955 }
1956 
1957 
1958 /***********************************************************/
1959 /* MLP_ResLin */
1960 /* */
1961 /* resolution of linear system of equations for hybrid */
1962 /* training method */
1963 /* */
1964 /* */
1965 /* Author: B.Mansoulie end-98 */
1966 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 29-APR-99 */
1967 /* use dgels from LAPACK */
1968 /***********************************************************/
1969 
1970 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
1971 void MLP_ResLin()
1972 {
1973 /* dbl rrans[NMAX], rrout[NMAX];*/
1974 /* type_pat rrin[NMAX];*/
1975  double *HR,*dpat; //,*wlin,*SV;
1976  double err,lambda,lambda2;
1977  int Nl,M,Nhr,khr,nrhs,iret,ierr;
1978  int il, in, inl, ipat;
1979  /*register dbl a;*/ //a unused
1980  char Trans = 'N';
1981 
1982 
1983 /* int rank; */
1984 // double rcond = -1; /* use machine precision */
1985 
1986  lambda2 = LEARN.Alambda;
1987 
1988 /* Nl = number of linear weights
1989  M = number of terms in linear system = number of examples + regularisation*/
1990  Nl = NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-2] + 1;
1991  M = PAT.Npat[0]+Nl;
1992 
1993  int Lwork = 5 * M;
1994  double *Work = (double*) malloc((int) Lwork*sizeof(double));
1995 
1996 /* memory allocation */
1997  dpat = (double*) malloc((int) M*sizeof(double));
1998 // wlin = (double*) malloc((int) Nl*sizeof(double));
1999 // SV = (double*) malloc((int) Nl*sizeof(double));
2000 
2001  Nhr = M * Nl;
2002  HR = (double*) malloc((int) Nhr*sizeof(double));
2003  err = 0.;
2004  for(ipat=0;ipat<PAT.Npat[0];ipat++)
2005  {
2006 /* *** Filling dpat and HR *** */
2007 /* for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[0]; in++)
2008  {
2009  rrin[in] = PAT.Rin[0][ipat][in];
2010  }*/
2011 
2012  MLP_Out(PAT.Rin[0][ipat],NET.Outn[NET.Nlayer-1]);
2013 /* MLP_Out(rrin,rrout);*/
2014  /*for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]; in++)
2015  {
2016  a = (dbl) PAT.Rans[0][ipat][in]; //a was not used
2017  } */
2018  il = NET.Nlayer-2;
2019  dpat[ipat] = (dbl) PAT.Rans[0][ipat][0]*sqrt(PAT.Pond[0][ipat]);
2020  khr = ipat;
2021  HR[khr] = (dbl) sqrt(PAT.Pond[0][ipat]);
2022  for(in=0;in<NET.Nneur[il];in++)
2023  {
2024  khr = M *(in+1) + ipat;
2025  HR[khr] = NET.Outn[il][in]*
2026  (dbl) sqrt(PAT.Pond[0][ipat]);
2027  }
2028  }
2029  il = NET.Nlayer-2;
2030  lambda = sqrt(lambda2);
2031  for(ipat=0;ipat<=NET.Nneur[il];ipat++)
2032  {
2033  dpat[ipat+PAT.Npat[0]] = 0;
2034  for(in=0;in<=NET.Nneur[il];in++)
2035  {
2036  khr = M *in + ipat + PAT.Npat[0];
2037  HR[khr] = 0;
2038  if(in==ipat) HR[khr]=lambda;
2039  }
2040  }
2041  if(NET.Debug>=4)
2042  {
2043  err = MLP_Test(0,0);
2044  printf("entry ResLin, err=MLP_Test(0,0), err= %f\n",err);
2045  }
2046 /* */
2047 /* Trouve les poids lineaires par resolution lineaire */
2048 /* */
2049  nrhs = 1;
2050  ierr = dgels_(&Trans,&M,&Nl,&nrhs,HR,&M,dpat,&M,Work,
2051  &Lwork,&iret);
2052  if(iret != 0) printf("Warning from dgels: iret = %d\n",(int)iret);
2053  if(ierr != 0) printf("Warning from dgels: ierr = %d\n",(int)ierr);
2054 
2055 /* ierr = dgelss_(&M,&Nl,&nrhs,HR,&M,dpat,&M,SV,&rcond,&rank,Work,&Lwork,
2056  &iret);
2057  if(iret != 0) printf("Warning from dgelss: iret = %d\n",iret);
2058  if(ierr != 0) printf("Warning from dgelss: ierr = %d\n",ierr);*/
2059 
2060  il = NET.Nlayer-1;
2061  for (inl=0; inl<=NET.Nneur[il-1];inl++)
2062  {
2063  NET.Weights[il][0][inl] = dpat[inl];
2064  }
2065  if(NET.Debug>=4)
2066  {
2067  err = MLP_Test(0,0);
2068  printf("ResLin, apres tlsfor, err= %f\n",err);
2069  }
2070  free(Work);
2071  free(dpat);
2072 // free(wlin);
2073  free(HR);
2074 // free(SV);
2075 }
2076 
2077 /***********************************************************/
2078 /* EtaDecay */
2079 /* */
2080 /* decreases the learning parameter eta by the factor */
2081 /* LEARN.Decay */
2082 /* */
2083 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-99 */
2084 /***********************************************************/
2085 
2086 void EtaDecay()
2087 {
2088  LEARN.eta *= LEARN.Decay;
2089 }
2090 
2091 
2092 /***********************************************************/
2093 /* ShuffleExamples */
2094 /* */
2095 /* Shuffles the learning examples (for stochastic method) */
2096 /* */
2097 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-1999 */
2098 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 21-Jul-1999 inline MLP_Rand */
2099 /***********************************************************/
2100 
2101 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2102 int ShuffleExamples(int n, int *index)
2103 {
2104  int i,ii,itmp;
2105  dbl a = (dbl) (n-1);
2106 
2107  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
2108  {
2109  ii = (int) MLP_Rand(0.,a);
2110  itmp = index[ii];
2111  index[ii] = index[i];
2112  index[i] = itmp;
2113  }
2114  return 0;
2115 }
2116 
2117 
2118 /***********************************************************/
2119 /* MLP_Rand */
2120 /* */
2121 /* Random Numbers (to initialize weights) */
2122 /* */
2123 /* inputs : dbl min, dbl max = random number between */
2124 /* min and max */
2125 /* return value: (double) random number */
2126 /* */
2127 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-99 */
2128 /***********************************************************/
2129 
2130 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2131 double MLP_Rand(dbl mini, dbl maxi)
2132 {
2133 return mini+(maxi-mini)*random()/RAND_MAX;
2134 }
2135 
2136 
2137 /***********************************************************/
2138 /* InitWeights */
2139 /* */
2140 /* initializes the weights to random numbers between */
2141 /* -0.5 : 0.5 */
2142 /* */
2143 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-99 */
2144 /***********************************************************/
2145 
2146 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2147 void InitWeights()
2148 {
2149  int ilayer,ineur,i;
2150 
2151  for(ilayer=1;ilayer<NET.Nlayer;ilayer++)
2152  for(ineur=0;ineur<NET.Nneur[ilayer];ineur++)
2153  for(i=0;i<=NET.Nneur[ilayer-1];i++)
2154  NET.Weights[ilayer][ineur][i]=
2155  (dbl) MLP_Rand(-0.5, 0.5);
2156 }
2157 
2158 
2159 /***********************************************************/
2160 /* PrintWeights */
2161 /* */
2162 /* Print weights on the screen */
2163 /* */
2164 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-99 */
2165 /***********************************************************/
2166 
2167 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2168 void PrintWeights()
2169 {
2170  int ilayer,ineur,i;
2171 
2172  for(ilayer=1; ilayer<NET.Nlayer; ilayer++)
2173  {
2174  if(MessLang==1)
2175  {
2176  printf("Couche %d\n",ilayer);
2177  }
2178  else
2179  {
2180  printf("Layer %d\n",ilayer);
2181  }
2182  for(ineur=0; ineur<NET.Nneur[ilayer]; ineur++)
2183  {
2184  if(MessLang==1)
2185  {
2186  printf("Neurone %d",ineur);
2187  }
2188  else
2189  {
2190  printf("Neuron %d",ineur);
2191  }
2192  for(i=0; i<=NET.Nneur[ilayer-1]; i++)
2193  {
2194  printf(" %f",
2195  (double) NET.Weights[ilayer][ineur][i]);
2196  }
2197  printf("\n");
2198  }
2199  printf("\n");
2200  }
2201 }
2202 
2203 
2204 /***********************************************************/
2205 /* ReadPatterns */
2206 /* */
2207 /* parser for learn.pat or test.pat files */
2208 /* */
2209 /* inputs: char *filename = name of the file to read */
2210 /* int ifile = 0: learning examples */
2211 /* 1: test examples */
2212 /* */
2213 /* outputs: int *inet = 1 if a network is defined */
2214 /* int *ilearn = 1 if a learning method is defined*/
2215 /* int *iexamples = 1 if examples are defined */
2216 /* */
2217 /* return value (int) = 0: no error */
2218 /* = -1: file could not be opened */
2219 /* */
2220 /* Author: J.Schwindling 20-Apr-99 */
2221 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 01-Jun-99 return inet, ilearn */
2222 /* iexamples */
2223 /* J.Schwindling 21-Sep-99 return value = -1 */
2224 /***********************************************************/
2225 
2226 #define CLEN 1024
2227 
2228 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2229 int ReadPatterns(char *filename, int ifile,
2230  int *inet, int *ilearn, int *iexamples)
2231 {
2232 char s[CLEN], s2[CLEN], cc[6], cc2[6];
2233 char otherfile[CLEN];
2234 double p;
2235 //int line,i,j;
2236 int line,i;
2237 //int l,ll,ipat,nmax,il,in,tf;
2238 int l,ll,ipat,nmax;
2239 int np=0; /* nombre d'exemples */
2240 int nin=0; /* nombre d'entrees */
2241 int nout=0; /* nombre de sorties */
2242 int npon=0;
2243 int ntot, ierr;
2244 //char **ss;
2245 char **ss=nullptr;
2246 FILE *LVQpat;
2247 int nlayer, nneur[NLMAX];
2248 
2249 printf("\nLoading file %s\n",filename);
2250 LVQpat=fopen(filename,"r");
2251 if(LVQpat == nullptr) return -1;
2252 
2253 line=0;
2254 
2255 while(fgets(s,CLEN,LVQpat))
2256  {
2257  if(*s=='N')
2258  {
2259  if(*(s+1)=='N') /* NNEU */
2260  {
2261  printf("Number of neurons %s",s);
2262  *inet = 1;
2263  sscanf(s,"%s %s",cc,s2);
2264  ierr = GetNetStructure(s2,&nlayer,nneur);
2265  if(ierr != 0) return ierr;
2266  ierr = MLP_SetNet(&nlayer,nneur);
2267  if(ierr != 0) return ierr;
2268  }
2269  else
2270  {
2271  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&l);
2272  if(*(cc+1)=='P') /* NPAT */
2273  {
2274  np=l;
2275  printf("Number of patterns %d\n",np);
2276  }
2277  else if(*(cc+1)=='I') /* NINP */
2278  {
2279  nin=l;
2280  PAT.Nin = nin;
2281  printf("Number of inputs %d\n",nin);
2282  }
2283  else if(*(cc+1)=='O' && *(cc+2)=='U') /* NOUT */
2284  {
2285  nout=l;
2286  PAT.Nout = nout;
2287  printf("Number of outputs %d\n",nout);
2288  }
2289  else if(*(cc+1)=='O' && *(cc+2)=='R') /* NORM */
2290  {
2291  DIVERS.Norm=l;
2292  if(l==1) printf("Normalize inputs\n");
2293  }
2294 /* obsolete datacard NLAY */
2295  else if(*(cc+1)=='L')
2296  {
2297  printf("NLAY datacard is no longer needed\n");
2298  }
2299  else if(*(cc+1)=='E') /* NEPO */
2300  {
2301  LEARN.Nepoch=l;
2302  printf("Number of epochs %d\n",l);
2303  }
2304  else if(*(cc+1)=='R') /* NRES */
2305  {
2306  LEARN.Nreset=l;
2307  printf(
2308  "Reset to steepest descent every %d epochs\n",
2309  l);
2310  }
2311  }
2312  }
2313  else if(*s=='L')
2314  {
2315  if(*(s+1)=='P') /* LPAR */
2316  {
2317  sscanf(s,"%s %le",cc,&p);
2318  printf("Learning parameter %f\n",p);
2319  LEARN.eta = (dbl) p;
2320  }
2321  else if(*(s+1)=='M') /* LMET */
2322  {
2323  *ilearn = 1;
2324  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(LEARN.Meth));
2325  printf("Learning method = ");
2326  switch(LEARN.Meth)
2327  {
2328  case 1: printf("Stochastic Minimization\n");
2329  break;
2330  case 2: printf("Steepest descent with fixed step\n");
2331  break;
2332  case 3: printf("Steepest descent with line search\n"); break;
2333  case 4: printf("Polak-Ribiere Conjugate Gradients\n"); break;
2334  case 5: printf("Fletcher-Reeves Conjugate Gradients\n");
2335  break;
2336  case 6: printf("BFGS\n");
2337  break;
2338  case 7: printf("Hybrid BFGS-linear\n");
2339  break;
2340  default: printf("Error: unknown method\n"); break;
2341  }
2342 
2343  }
2344  else if(*(s+1)=='T') /* LTAU */
2345  {
2346  sscanf(s,"%s %lf",cc,&p);
2347  printf("Tau %f\n",p);
2348  LEARN.Tau = (dbl) p;
2349  }
2350  else if(*(s+1)=='A') /* LAMB */
2351  {
2352  sscanf(s,"%s %lf",cc,&p);
2353  printf("Lambda %f\n",p);
2354  LEARN.Lambda = (dbl) p;
2355  }
2356  }
2357  else if(*s=='F')
2358  {
2359  if(*(s+1)=='S') /* FSPO */
2360  {
2361  sscanf(s,"%s %le",cc,&p);
2362  printf("Flat spot elimination parameter %f\n",p);
2363  LEARN.delta = (dbl) p;
2364  }
2365  else if(*(s+1)=='I') /* FILE */
2366  {
2367  sscanf(s,"%s %s",cc,otherfile);
2368  ierr = ReadPatterns(otherfile,ifile, inet, ilearn, iexamples);
2369  if(ierr != 0) return ierr;
2370  }
2371  }
2372  else if(*s=='M') /* momentum */
2373  {
2374  sscanf(s,"%s %le",cc,&p);
2375  printf("Momentum term %f\n",p);
2376  LEARN.epsilon = (dbl) p;
2377  }
2378  else if(*s=='O') /* OUTx */
2379  {
2380  if(*(s+3)=='W') /* OUTW */
2381  {
2382  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&OutputWeights);
2383  if(OutputWeights == 0)
2384  {
2385  printf("Never write file weights.out\n");
2386  }
2387  else if(OutputWeights == -1)
2388  {
2389  printf("Write weights to output file at the end\n");
2390  }
2391  else
2392  {
2393  printf("Write weights to file every %d epochs\n",
2394  OutputWeights);
2395  }
2396  }
2397  else if(*(s+3)=='F') /* OUTF */
2398  {
2399  sscanf(s,"%s %s",cc,cc2);
2400  if(*cc2=='F' || *cc2=='C')
2401  {
2402  DIVERS.Outf = *cc2;
2403  }
2404  else
2405  {
2406  printf(" *** Error while loading file %s at line %s :",
2407  filename,s);
2408  printf(" unknown language\n");
2409  }
2410  }
2411  else
2412  {
2413  printf(" *** Error while loading file %s at line %s\n",
2414  filename,s);
2415  }
2416  }
2417  else if(*s=='R') /* RDWT */
2418  {
2419  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(NET.Rdwt));
2420  if(NET.Rdwt == 0)
2421  {
2422  printf("Random weights \n");
2423  }
2424  else
2425  {
2426  printf("Read weights from file weights.in\n");
2427  }
2428  }
2429  else if(*s=='S') /* STAT */
2430  {
2431  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(DIVERS.Stat));
2432  }
2433 /* else if(*s=='T') TFUN
2434  {
2435  sscanf(s,"%s %d %d %d",cc,&il,&in,&tf);
2436  SetTransFunc(il,in,tf);
2437  } */
2438  else if(*s=='H') /* HESS */
2439  {
2440  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(DIVERS.Ihess));
2441  }
2442  else if(*s=='D')
2443  {
2444  if(*(s+1)=='C') /* DCAY */
2445  {
2446  sscanf(s,"%s %le",cc,&p);
2447  LEARN.Decay = p;
2448  printf("Learning parameter decay %f\n",
2449  (double) LEARN.Decay);
2450  }
2451  if(*(s+1)=='B') /* DBIN */
2452  {
2453  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(DIVERS.Dbin));
2454  printf("Fill histogram every %d epochs\n",DIVERS.Dbin);
2455  }
2456  if(*(s+1)=='E') /* DEBU */
2457  {
2458  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(NET.Debug));
2459  printf("Debug mode %d\n",NET.Debug);
2460  }
2461  }
2462  else if(*s=='P') /* POND */
2463  {
2464  npon = CountLexemes(s);
2465  if(npon==2)
2466  {
2467  sscanf(s,"%s %d",cc,&(PAT.Iponde));
2468  }
2469  else
2470  {
2471  ss = (char**) malloc((npon+1)*sizeof(char*));
2472  for(i=0;i<=npon;i++)
2473  ss[i]=(char*) malloc(40*sizeof(char));
2474  getnLexemes(npon,s,ss);
2475  sscanf(ss[1],"%d",&(PAT.Iponde));
2476  for(i=2;i<npon;i++)
2477  {
2478  sscanf(ss[i],"%le",&(PAT.Ponds[i-2]));
2479  }
2480  }
2481  if(PAT.Iponde==0)
2482  {
2483  npon = 0;
2484  }
2485  else
2486  {
2487  npon = 1;
2488  }
2489  }
2490  else if(*s=='#') /* comments */
2491  {
2492  }
2493  else /* exemple itself */
2494  {
2495  if(np==0) return 1;
2496  if(nin==0) return 2;
2497  if(nout==0) return 3;
2498 
2499 
2500 /* store number of exemples and allocate memory*/
2501  if(line==0)
2502  {
2503  PAT.Npat[ifile] = np;
2504  ierr = AllocPatterns(ifile,np,nin,nout,0);
2505  if(ierr != 0) return ierr;
2506  *iexamples = 1;
2507  }
2508 
2509 /* now get exemple */
2510 
2511  line++;
2512  ll = (line-1)%2;
2513  ipat = (line-1)/2;
2514  /* printf("Loading event \t %d\r",ipat);*/
2515 /* if(ipat>NPMAX)
2516  {
2517  printf("Too many examples in file\n");
2518  printf("Loading %d examples\n",NPMAX);
2519  PAT.Npat[ifile] = NPMAX;
2520  break;
2521  }
2522 */
2523 
2524 /* allocate the number of lines */
2525 
2526  if(line==1)
2527  {
2528 
2529  nmax = nin;
2530  if(nout>nin) nmax=nout;
2531  ss = (char**) malloc((nmax+1)*sizeof(char*));
2532  if(ss == nullptr) return -111;
2533  for(i=0;i<=nmax;i++)
2534  {
2535  ss[i]=(char*) malloc(40*sizeof(char));
2536  if(ss[i] == nullptr) return -111;
2537  }
2538  }
2539 
2540  if(ll==0) /* inputs */
2541  {
2542  getnLexemes(nin,s,ss);
2543  for(i=0;i<nin;i++)
2544  {
2545  sscanf(ss[i],"%le",&p);
2546  PAT.Rin[ifile][ipat][i] = (type_pat) p;
2547  }
2548  }
2549  else /* answers */
2550  {
2551  ntot=nout+npon;
2552  getnLexemes(ntot,s,ss);
2553  for(i=0;i<ntot;i++)
2554  {
2555  sscanf(ss[i],"%le",&p);
2556  if(i<nout)
2557  {
2558  PAT.Rans[ifile][ipat][i] = (type_pat) p;
2559  }
2560  else
2561  {
2562  if(PAT.Iponde==1)
2563  {
2564  PAT.Pond[ifile][ipat] =
2565  (type_pat) p;
2566  }
2567  else
2568  {
2569  PAT.Pond[ifile][ipat] =
2570  (type_pat) PAT.Ponds[(int) p -1];
2571  }
2572  }
2573  }
2574  }
2575  }
2576  }
2577  printf("%d examples loaded \n\n",PAT.Npat[ifile]);
2578  fclose(LVQpat);
2579  return 0;
2580 }
2581 
2582 
2583 /* CountLexemes returns the number of lexemes in s separated by blanks.*/
2584 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2585 int CountLexemes(char *s)
2586 {
2587  char tmp[1024];
2588  int i=0;
2589 
2590  strcpy(tmp,s);
2591  if (strtok(tmp," "))
2592  {
2593  i=1;
2594  while (strtok(nullptr," ")) i++;
2595  }
2596  return i;
2597 }
2598 
2599 /* splits s in substrings ss separated by blanks*/
2600 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2601 void getnLexemes(int n, char *s, char **ss)
2602 {
2603  char tmp[1024];
2604  int i;
2605  strcpy(tmp,s);
2606  if (n>0)
2607  {
2608  strcpy(ss[0],strtok(tmp," "));
2609  for (i=1;i<n;i++)
2610  strcpy(ss[i],strtok(nullptr," "));
2611  }
2612 }
2613 
2614 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2615 void getLexemes(char *s,char **ss)
2616 {
2617  char tmp[1024];
2618  int i,n;
2619 
2620  strcpy(tmp,s);
2621  n=CountLexemes(tmp);
2622  if (n>0)
2623  {
2624  strcpy(ss[0],strtok(tmp," "));
2625  for (i=1;i<n;i++)
2626  strcpy(ss[i],strtok(nullptr," "));
2627  }
2628 }
2629 
2630 
2631 /***********************************************************/
2632 /* LearnFree */
2633 /* */
2634 /* frees memory allocated for learning */
2635 /* */
2636 /* Author: J.Schwindling 28-May-99 */
2637 /***********************************************************/
2638 
2639 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2640 void LearnFree()
2641 {
2642  int il,in;
2643  if(LearnMemory==0) return;
2644  LearnMemory = 0;
2645  for(il=0; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
2646  {
2647  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2648  {
2649  free(dir[il][in]);
2650  }
2651  free(dir[il]);
2652  }
2653  free(dir);
2654  if(BFGSMemory==0) return;
2655  BFGSMemory = 0;
2656  for(il=0; il<NET.Nweights; il++)
2657  {
2658  free(BFGSH[il]);
2659  }
2660  free(BFGSH);
2661  free(Gamma);
2662  free(delta);
2663 
2664 /* if(JacobianMemory == 0) return;
2665  JacobianMemory = 0;
2666  for(il=0; il<PAT.Npat[0]; il++) free(JacobianMatrix[il]);
2667  free(JacobianMatrix); */
2668 }
2669 
2670 
2671 /***********************************************************/
2672 /* LearnAlloc */
2673 /* */
2674 /* memory allocation for vectors and matrices used in */
2675 /* conjugate gradients or BFGS like methods */
2676 /* */
2677 /* return value (int) = error code: 0 no error */
2678 /* -111 no memory */
2679 /* */
2680 /* Author: J.Schwindling 20-Apr-99 */
2681 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 31-Jan-2000 error code */
2682 /***********************************************************/
2683 
2684 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2685 int LearnAlloc()
2686 {
2687  int il,in,i;
2688  int Nweights = 0;
2689 
2690  if(LearnMemory != 0) LearnFree();
2691  LearnMemory = 1;
2692  dir = (dbl ***) malloc(NET.Nlayer*sizeof(dbl**));
2693  if(dir == nullptr) return -111;
2694 
2695  for(il=0; il<NET.Nlayer; il++)
2696  {
2697  dir[il] = (dbl **) malloc(NET.Nneur[il]*sizeof(dbl*));
2698  if(dir[il] == nullptr) return -111;
2699  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2700  {
2701  if(il==0)
2702  {
2703 /* TODO: understand implications of hard-coded 101 */
2704  dir[0][in] = (dbl *)
2705  malloc(101*sizeof(dbl));
2706  if(dir[0][in] == nullptr) return -111;
2707  }
2708  else
2709  {
2710  dir[il][in] = (dbl *)
2711  malloc((NET.Nneur[il-1]+1)*sizeof(dbl));
2712  if(dir[il][in] == nullptr) return -111;
2713  Nweights += NET.Nneur[il-1]+1;
2714  }
2715  }
2716  }
2717  NET.Nweights = Nweights;
2718 
2719  if(BFGSMemory==0 && LEARN.Meth>= 6)
2720  {
2721  BFGSMemory = 1;
2722  Gamma = (dbl*) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
2723  delta = (dbl*) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
2724  BFGSH = (dbl**) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl*));
2725  if(Gamma == nullptr || delta == nullptr || BFGSH == nullptr)
2726  return -111;
2727 
2728  for(i=0; i<Nweights; i++)
2729  {
2730  BFGSH[i] = (dbl*) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
2731  if(BFGSH[i] == nullptr) return -111;
2732  }
2733  }
2734 
2735 /* if(JacobianMemory==0)
2736  {
2737  JacobianMemory = 1;
2738  printf("JacobianMemory = %d\n",JacobianMemory);
2739  JacobianMatrix = (dbl **) malloc(PAT.Npat[0]*sizeof(dbl *));
2740  for(i=0; i<PAT.Npat[0]; i++)
2741  JacobianMatrix[i] =
2742  (dbl*) malloc(Nweights*sizeof(dbl));
2743  printf("end memory alloc\n");
2744  }
2745 
2746  if(DIVERS.Ihess==1) HessianAlloc(Nweights);*/
2747 
2748  return 0;
2749 }
2750 
2751 
2752 /***********************************************************/
2753 /* MLP_PrFFun */
2754 /* */
2755 /* writes the MLP function to file as a fortran function */
2756 /* */
2757 /* inputs : char *filename = name of the output file */
2758 /* */
2759 /* return value (int) = 0: no error */
2760 /* -1: could not open file */
2761 /* */
2762 /* Author: J.Schwindling 20-Apr-99 */
2763 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 05-May-99 */
2764 /* add normalization of inputs */
2765 /* J.Schwindling 30-Nov-99 return code */
2766 /***********************************************************/
2767 
2768 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2769 int MLP_PrFFun(char *filename)
2770 {
2771  int il,in,jn;
2772  FILE *W;
2773 
2774  W=fopen(filename,"w");
2775  if(W==nullptr) return -1;
2776  fprintf(W," SUBROUTINE RNNFUN(rin,rout)\n");
2777  fprintf(W," DIMENSION RIN(%d)\n",NET.Nneur[0]);
2778  fprintf(W," DIMENSION ROUT(%d)\n",NET.Nneur[NET.Nlayer-1]);
2779  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2780 
2781  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[0]; in++)
2782  {
2783  if(DIVERS.Norm==0)
2784  {
2785  fprintf(W," OUT%d = RIN(%d)\n",in+1,in+1);
2786  }
2787  else
2788  {
2789  fprintf(W," OUT%d = (RIN(%d)-%e)/%e\n",in+1,in+1,
2790  STAT.mean[in],STAT.sigma[in]);
2791  }
2792  }
2793  for(il=1; il<NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
2794  {
2795  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2796  fprintf(W,"C layer %d\n",il+1);
2797  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2798  {
2799  fprintf(W," RIN%d = %e\n",in+1,
2800  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][0]);
2801  for(jn=1;jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
2802  fprintf(W," > +(%e) * OUT%d\n",
2803  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][jn],jn);
2804  }
2805  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2806  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2807  {
2808  if(NET.T_func[il][in]==0)
2809  {
2810  fprintf(W," OUT%d = 0\n",in+1);
2811  }
2812  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==1)
2813  {
2814  fprintf(W," OUT%d = RIN%d\n",in+1,in+1);
2815  }
2816  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==2)
2817  {
2818  fprintf(W," OUT%d = SIGMOID(RIN%d)\n",
2819  in+1,in+1);
2820  }
2821  }
2822  }
2823  il = NET.Nlayer-1;
2824  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2825  fprintf(W,"C layer %d\n",il+1);
2826  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2827  {
2828  fprintf(W," RIN%d = %e\n",in+1,
2829  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][0]);
2830  for(jn=1;jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
2831  fprintf(W," > +(%e) * OUT%d\n",
2832  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][jn],jn);
2833  }
2834  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2835  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2836  {
2837  if(NET.T_func[il][in]==0)
2838  {
2839  fprintf(W," ROUT(%d) = 0\n",in+1);
2840  }
2841  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==1)
2842  {
2843  fprintf(W," ROUT(%d) = RIN%d\n",in+1,in+1);
2844  }
2845  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==2)
2846  {
2847  fprintf(W," ROUT(%d) = SIGMOID(RIN%d)\n",
2848  in+1,in+1);
2849  }
2850  }
2851 
2852  fprintf(W,"C\n");
2853  fprintf(W," END\n");
2854  fprintf(W," REAL FUNCTION SIGMOID(X)\n");
2855  fprintf(W," SIGMOID = 1./(1.+EXP(-X))\n");
2856  fprintf(W," END\n");
2857 
2858  fclose(W);
2859  return 0;
2860 }
2861 
2862 
2863 /***********************************************************/
2864 /* MLP_PrCFun */
2865 /* */
2866 /* writes the MLP function to file as a C function */
2867 /* */
2868 /* inputs : char *filename = name of the output file */
2869 /* */
2870 /* return value (int) = 0: no error */
2871 /* -1: could not open file */
2872 /* */
2873 /* Author: J.Schwindling 23-Apr-99 */
2874 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 30-Nov-99 return code */
2875 /***********************************************************/
2876 
2877 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2878 int MLP_PrCFun(char *filename)
2879 {
2880  int il,in,jn;
2881  FILE *W;
2882 
2883  W=fopen(filename,"w");
2884  if(W==nullptr) return -1;
2885 
2886  fprintf(W,"double sigmoid(double x)\n");
2887  fprintf(W,"{\n");
2888  fprintf(W,"return 1/(1+exp(-x));\n");
2889  fprintf(W,"}\n");
2890  fprintf(W,"void rnnfun(double *rin,double *rout)\n");
2891  fprintf(W,"{\n");
2892  fprintf(W," double out1[%d];\n",NET.Nneur[0]);
2893  fprintf(W," double out2[%d];\n",NET.Nneur[1]);
2894  if(NET.Nlayer>=3) fprintf(W," double out3[%d];\n",NET.Nneur[2]);
2895  if(NET.Nlayer>=4) fprintf(W," double out4[%d];\n",NET.Nneur[3]);
2896  fprintf(W,"\n");
2897 
2898  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[0]; in++)
2899  {
2900  if(DIVERS.Norm==0)
2901  {
2902  fprintf(W," out1[%d] = rin[%d];\n",in,in);
2903  }
2904  else
2905  {
2906  fprintf(W," out1[%d] = (rin[%d]-%e)/%e;\n",
2907  in,in,
2908  STAT.mean[in],STAT.sigma[in]);
2909  }
2910  }
2911 
2912  for(il=1; il<=NET.Nlayer-1; il++)
2913  {
2914  fprintf(W,"\n");
2915  fprintf(W,"/* layer %d */\n",il+1);
2916  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2917  {
2918  fprintf(W," out%d[%d] = %e\n",il+1,in,
2919  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][0]);
2920  for(jn=1;jn<=NET.Nneur[il-1]; jn++)
2921  fprintf(W," +(%e) * out%d[%d]\n",
2922  (double) NET.Weights[il][in][jn],il,jn-1);
2923  fprintf(W," ;\n");
2924  }
2925  fprintf(W,"\n");
2926  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2927  {
2928  if(NET.T_func[il][in]==0)
2929  {
2930  fprintf(W," out%d[%d] = 0;\n",il+1,in);
2931  }
2932  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==1)
2933  {
2934  }
2935  else if(NET.T_func[il][in]==2)
2936  {
2937  fprintf(W," out%d[%d] = sigmoid(out%d[%d]);\n",
2938  il+1,in,il+1,in);
2939  }
2940  }
2941  }
2942  il = NET.Nlayer-1;
2943  for(in=0; in<NET.Nneur[il]; in++)
2944  {
2945  fprintf(W," rout[%d] = out%d[%d];\n",in,il+1,in);
2946  }
2947  fprintf(W,"}\n");
2948  fclose(W);
2949  return 0;
2950 }
2951 
2952 
2953 /***********************************************************/
2954 /* SaveWeights */
2955 /* */
2956 /* writes the weights to file */
2957 /* */
2958 /* inputs : char *filename = name of the output file */
2959 /* int iepoch = epoch number */
2960 /* */
2961 /* return value (int): 0 if OK */
2962 /* -1 if file could not be opened */
2963 /* */
2964 /* Author: J.Schwindling 20-Apr-99 */
2965 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 11-Jun-99 */
2966 /* print net structure in header */
2967 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 05-Nov-99 */
2968 /* return error code */
2969 /***********************************************************/
2970 
2971 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
2972 int SaveWeights(char *filename, int iepoch)
2973 {
2974  FILE *W;
2975  int ilayer,ineur,i;
2976 
2977  W=fopen(filename,"w");
2978  if(W==nullptr) return -1;
2979 
2980  fprintf(W,"# network structure ");
2981  for(ilayer=0; ilayer<NET.Nlayer; ilayer++)
2982  {
2983  fprintf(W,"%d ",NET.Nneur[ilayer]);
2984  }
2985 
2986  fprintf(W,"\n %d\n",iepoch);
2987  for(ilayer=1; ilayer<NET.Nlayer; ilayer++)
2988  {
2989  for(ineur=0; ineur<NET.Nneur[ilayer]; ineur++)
2990  {
2991  for(i=0; i<=NET.Nneur[ilayer-1]; i++)
2992  {
2993  fprintf(W," %1.15e\n",
2994  (double) NET.Weights[ilayer][ineur][i]);
2995  }
2996  }
2997  }
2998  fclose(W);
2999  return 0;
3000 }
3001 
3002 
3003 /***********************************************************/
3004 /* LoadWeights */
3005 /* */
3006 /* reads the weights from file */
3007 /* */
3008 /* input : char *filename = name of the input file */
3009 /* output : int *iepoch = epoch number */
3010 /* */
3011 /* return value (int): 0 if OK */
3012 /* -1 if file could not be opened */
3013 /* */
3014 /* Author: J.Schwindling 20-Apr-99 */
3015 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 11-Jun-99 */
3016 /* lines starting with # are skipped */
3017 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 05-Nov-99 */
3018 /* return error code */
3019 /***********************************************************/
3020 
3021 /* extern "C"Dllexport */
3022 int LoadWeights(char *filename, int *iepoch)
3023 {
3024  FILE *W;
3025  int ilayer,ineur,i;
3026  double p;
3027  char s[80];
3028 
3029  W=fopen(filename,"r");
3030  if(W==nullptr) return -1;
3031  do
3032  {
3033  fgets(s,80,W);
3034  }
3035  while(*s == '#');
3036  sscanf(s," %d",iepoch);
3037  for(ilayer=1; ilayer<NET.Nlayer; ilayer++)
3038  {
3039  for(ineur=0; ineur<NET.Nneur[ilayer]; ineur++)
3040  {
3041  for(i=0; i<=NET.Nneur[ilayer-1]; i++)
3042  {
3043  fscanf(W," %le",&p);
3044  NET.Weights[ilayer][ineur][i] = (dbl) p;
3045  }
3046  }
3047  }
3048 
3049  fclose(W);
3050  return 0;
3051 }
3052 
3053 
3054 /***********************************************************/
3055 /* AllocPatterns */
3056 /* */
3057 /* allocate memory for the examples */
3058 /* */
3059 /* input : int ifile = file number (0 or 1) */
3060 /* int npat = number of examples */
3061 /* int nin = number of inputs */
3062 /* int nout = number of outputs */
3063 /* int iadd = 0: new examples */
3064 /* 1: add to existing ones */
3065 /* */
3066 /* return value (int) = error code: 0 = no error */
3067 /* 1 = wrong file number */
3068 /* -111 = no memory */
3069 /* */
3070 /* Author: J.Schwindling 21-Apr-99 */
3071 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 26-Apr-99 */
3072 /* - frees memory if already booked and iadd=0 */
3073 /* (should remove need to call mlpfree) */
3074 /* - implement iadd = 1 */
3075 /***********************************************************/
3076 
3077 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int AllocPatterns(int ifile, int npat, int nin, int nout, int iadd)
3078 {
3079  int j;
3080  type_pat *tmp, *tmp3;
3081  type_pat **tmp2;
3082  int ntot;
3083 
3084  if(ifile>1 || ifile<0) return(1);
3085 /* scanf("%d",&j); */
3086  if(ExamplesMemory==0)
3087  {
3088  ExamplesMemory=1;
3089  PAT.Pond = (type_pat **) malloc(2*sizeof(dbl*));
3090  PAT.Rin = (type_pat***) malloc(2*sizeof(type_pat**));
3091  PAT.Rans = (type_pat***) malloc(2*sizeof(type_pat**));
3092  PAT.vRin = (type_pat**) malloc(2*sizeof(type_pat*));
3093  if(PAT.Pond == nullptr || PAT.Rin == nullptr
3094  || PAT.Rans == nullptr || PAT.vRin == nullptr) return -111;
3095  }
3096 
3097 
3098 /* if iadd=0, check that memory not already allocated. Otherwise free it */
3099  if(iadd==0 && PatMemory[ifile]!=0)
3100  {
3101  FreePatterns(ifile);
3102  }
3103 
3104 /* allocate memory and initialize ponderations */
3105  if(iadd==0 || PatMemory[ifile]==0)
3106  {
3107  PatMemory[ifile] = 1;
3108  PAT.Pond[ifile] = (type_pat*) malloc(npat*sizeof(type_pat));
3109  if(PAT.Pond[ifile] == nullptr) return -111;
3110  for(j=0; j<npat; j++)
3111  PAT.Pond[ifile][j] = 1;
3112 
3113  PAT.Rin[ifile] = (type_pat**) malloc(npat*sizeof(type_pat*));
3114  if(PAT.Rin[ifile] == nullptr) return -111;
3115  PAT.Rans[ifile] = (type_pat**) malloc(npat*sizeof(type_pat*));
3116  if(PAT.Rans[ifile] == nullptr) return -111;
3117 
3118  PAT.vRin[ifile] = (type_pat *) malloc(npat*(nin+1)*
3119  sizeof(type_pat));
3120  if(PAT.vRin[ifile] == nullptr) return -111;
3121 
3122  for(j=0; j<npat; j++)
3123  {
3124  PAT.Rin[ifile][j] = &(PAT.vRin[ifile][j*(nin+1)+1]);
3125  PAT.vRin[ifile][j*(nin+1)] = 1;
3126  }
3127  for(j=0; j<npat; j++)
3128  {
3129  PAT.Rans[ifile][j] = (type_pat*) malloc(nout*sizeof(type_pat));
3130  if(PAT.Rans[ifile][j] == nullptr) return -111;
3131  }
3132  PAT.Npat[ifile] = npat;
3133 
3134  if(ifile==0)
3135  {
3136  ExamplesIndex = (int *) malloc(npat*sizeof(int));
3137  if(ExamplesIndex == nullptr) return -111;
3138  for(j=0; j<npat; j++) ExamplesIndex[j] = j;
3139  }
3140  }
3141  else /* add examples */
3142  {
3143  ntot = PAT.Npat[ifile]+npat;
3144 
3145 /* event weighting */
3146  tmp = (type_pat *) malloc(ntot*sizeof(type_pat));
3147  if(tmp == nullptr) return -111;
3148 
3149  for(j=0; j<PAT.Npat[ifile]; j++)
3150  {
3151  tmp[j] = PAT.Pond[ifile][j];
3152  }
3153  for(j=PAT.Npat[ifile];j<ntot;j++)
3154  {
3155  tmp[j] = 1;
3156  }
3157  if(PatMemory[ifile]==1) free(PAT.Pond[ifile]);
3158  PAT.Pond[ifile] = tmp;
3159 
3160 /* examples */
3161 /* tmp2 = (type_pat **) malloc(ntot*sizeof(type_pat*));
3162  for(j=0; j<PAT.Npat[ifile]; j++)
3163  {
3164  tmp2[j] = PAT.Rin[ifile][j];
3165  }
3166  for(j=PAT.Npat[ifile];j<ntot;j++)
3167  {
3168  tmp2[j] = (type_pat*) malloc(nin*sizeof(type_pat));
3169  }
3170  if(PatMemory[ifile]==1) free(PAT.Rin[ifile]);
3171  PAT.Rin[ifile] = tmp2; */
3172 
3173  tmp3 = (type_pat *) malloc(ntot*(nin+1)*sizeof(type_pat));
3174  if(tmp3 == nullptr) return -111;
3175 
3176  for(j=0; j<PAT.Npat[ifile]*(nin+1); j++)
3177  {
3178  tmp3[j] = PAT.vRin[ifile][j];
3179  }
3180  if(PatMemory[ifile]==1) free(PAT.vRin[ifile]);
3181  PAT.vRin[ifile] = tmp3;
3182  for(j=0; j<ntot; j++)
3183  {
3184  PAT.Rin[ifile][j] = &(PAT.vRin[ifile][j*(nin+1)+1]);
3185  PAT.vRin[ifile][j*(nin+1)] = 1;
3186  }
3187 
3188  tmp2 = (type_pat **) malloc(ntot*sizeof(type_pat*));
3189  if(tmp2 == nullptr) return -111;
3190  for(j=0; j<PAT.Npat[ifile]; j++)
3191  {
3192  tmp2[j] = PAT.Rans[ifile][j];
3193  }
3194  for(j=PAT.Npat[ifile];j<ntot;j++)
3195  {
3196  tmp2[j] = (type_pat*) malloc(nout*sizeof(type_pat));
3197  if(tmp2[j] == nullptr) return -111;
3198  }
3199  if(PatMemory[ifile]==1) free(PAT.Rans[ifile]);
3200  PAT.Rans[ifile] = tmp2;
3201  PAT.Npat[ifile] = ntot;
3202  PatMemory[ifile] = 1;
3203 
3204 /* indices */
3205  if(ifile==0)
3206  {
3207  free(ExamplesIndex);
3208  ExamplesIndex = (int *) malloc(ntot*sizeof(int));
3209  if(ExamplesIndex == nullptr) return -111;
3210  for(j=0; j<ntot; j++) ExamplesIndex[j] = j;
3211  }
3212  }
3213 
3214  return 0;
3215 }
3216 
3217 
3218 /***********************************************************/
3219 /* FreePatterns */
3220 /* */
3221 /* frees memory for the examples */
3222 /* */
3223 /* input : int ifile = file number (0 or 1) */
3224 /* */
3225 /* return value (int) = error code: 0 = no error */
3226 /* 1 = wrong file number */
3227 /* 2 = no mem allocated */
3228 /* */
3229 /* Author: J.Schwindling 26-Apr-99 */
3230 /***********************************************************/
3231 
3232 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int FreePatterns(int ifile)
3233 {
3234  int i;
3235 
3236  if(ifile>1 || ifile<0) return 1;
3237 /* printf("%d %d \n",ifile,PatMemory[ifile]);*/
3238  if(PatMemory[ifile]==0) return 2;
3239 
3240  free(PAT.Pond[ifile]);
3241  for(i=0; i<PAT.Npat[ifile]; i++)
3242  {
3243 /* free(PAT.Rin[ifile][i]); */
3244  free(PAT.Rans[ifile][i]);
3245  }
3246  free(PAT.Rin[ifile]);
3247  free(PAT.Rans[ifile]);
3248  free(PAT.vRin[ifile]);
3249  PatMemory[ifile] = 0;
3250  PAT.Npat[ifile] = 0;
3251 
3252  return 0;
3253 }
3254 
3255 
3256 /***********************************************************/
3257 /* MLP_StatInputs */
3258 /* */
3259 /* compute statistics about the inputs: mean, RMS, min, max*/
3260 /* */
3261 /* inputs: int Nexamples = number of examples */
3262 /* int Niputs = number of quantities */
3263 /* type_pat **inputs = input values */
3264 /* */
3265 /* outputs: dbl *mean = mean value */
3266 /* dbl *sigma = RMS */
3267 /* dbl *minimum = minimum */
3268 /* dbl *maximum = maximum */
3269 /* */
3270 /* return value (int): always = 0 */
3271 /* */
3272 /* Author: J.Schwindling 11-Oct-99 */
3273 /***********************************************************/
3274 
3275 int MLP_StatInputs(int Nexamples, int Ninputs, type_pat **inputs,
3276  dbl *mean, dbl *sigma, dbl *minimum, dbl *maximum)
3277 {
3278  dbl *fmean;
3279  int j, ipat, nmax;
3280 
3281 /* first compute a fast rough mean using the first 100 events */
3282  fmean = (dbl*) malloc(Ninputs*sizeof(dbl));
3283  nmax = 100;
3284  if(Nexamples<100) nmax=Nexamples;
3285 
3286  for(j=0;j<Ninputs;j++)
3287  {
3288  fmean[j] = 0;
3289  for(ipat=0;ipat<nmax;ipat++)
3290  {
3291  fmean[j] += (dbl) inputs[ipat][j];
3292  }
3293  fmean[j] = fmean[j]/(dbl) nmax;
3294 
3295 /* now compute real mean and sigma, min and max */
3296  mean[j] = 0;
3297  sigma[j] = 0;
3298  minimum[j] = 99999;
3299  maximum[j] = -99999;
3300  for(ipat=0;ipat<Nexamples;ipat++)
3301  {
3302  mean[j] += (dbl) inputs[ipat][j];
3303  sigma[j] += ((dbl) inputs[ipat][j]-fmean[j])*
3304  ((dbl) inputs[ipat][j]-fmean[j]);
3305  if((dbl) inputs[ipat][j] > maximum[j])
3306  maximum[j]=(dbl) inputs[ipat][j];
3307  if((dbl) inputs[ipat][j] < minimum[j])
3308  minimum[j]=(dbl) inputs[ipat][j];
3309  }
3310  mean[j] = mean[j]/(dbl) Nexamples;
3311  sigma[j] = sqrt(sigma[j]/ (dbl) Nexamples -
3312  (mean[j]-fmean[j])*
3313  (mean[j]-fmean[j]));
3314  }
3315  free(fmean);
3316  return 0;
3317 }
3318 
3319 /***********************************************************/
3320 /* MLP_PrintInputStat */
3321 /* */
3322 /* prints statistics about the inputs: mean, RMS, min, max */
3323 /* */
3324 /* return value (int) = error code: 0 = OK */
3325 /* -111 = could not */
3326 /* allocate memory */
3327 /* */
3328 /* Author: J.Schwindling 11-Oct-99 */
3329 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 31-Jan-2000: return value */
3330 /***********************************************************/
3331 
3332 int MLP_PrintInputStat()
3333 {
3334  int j;
3335  dbl *mean, *sigma, *minimum, *maximum;
3336 
3337 /* allocate memory */
3338  mean = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3339  sigma = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3340  minimum = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3341  maximum = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3342 
3343  if(mean == nullptr || sigma == nullptr || minimum == nullptr
3344  || maximum == nullptr) return -111;
3345 
3346  MLP_StatInputs(PAT.Npat[0],NET.Nneur[0],PAT.Rin[0],
3347  mean,sigma,minimum,maximum);
3348 
3349  printf("\t mean \t\t RMS \t\t min \t\t max\n");
3350  for(j=0;j<NET.Nneur[0];j++)
3351  {
3352  printf("var%d \t %e \t %e \t %e \t %e\n",j+1,
3353  mean[j],sigma[j],minimum[j],maximum[j]);
3354  }
3355 
3356  free(mean);
3357  free(sigma);
3358  free(minimum);
3359  free(maximum);
3360  printf("\n");
3361  return 0;
3362 }
3363 
3364 
3365 /***********************************************************/
3366 /* NormalizeInputs */
3367 /* */
3368 /* normalize the inputs: I' = (I - <I>) / RMS(I) */
3369 /* */
3370 /* return value (int) = error code: 0 = OK */
3371 /* -111 = could not */
3372 /* allocate memory */
3373 /* */
3374 /* Author: J.Schwindling 04-May-1999 */
3375 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 31-Jan-2000: return value */
3376 /***********************************************************/
3377 
3378 /* extern "C"Dllexport */int NormalizeInputs()
3379 {
3380  int j, ipat;
3381  dbl *mean, *sigma, *minimum, *maximum;
3382 
3383 /* allocate memory */
3384  mean = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3385  if (mean == nullptr) return -111;
3386  sigma = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3387  if (sigma == nullptr) return -111;
3388  STAT.mean = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3389  if (STAT.mean == nullptr) return -111;
3390  STAT.sigma = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3391  if (STAT.sigma == nullptr) return -111;
3392  minimum = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3393  if (minimum == nullptr) return -111;
3394  maximum = (dbl *) malloc(NET.Nneur[0]*sizeof(dbl));
3395  if (maximum == nullptr) return -111;
3396 
3397  MLP_StatInputs(PAT.Npat[0],NET.Nneur[0],PAT.Rin[0],
3398  mean,sigma,minimum,maximum);
3399 
3400  if(NET.Debug>=1) printf("\t mean \t\t RMS \t\t min \t\t max\n");
3401  for(j=0;j<NET.Nneur[0];j++)
3402  {
3403  if(NET.Debug>=1)
3404  printf("var%d \t %e \t %e \t %e \t %e\n",j+1,
3405  mean[j],sigma[j],minimum[j],maximum[j]);
3406 
3407 /* store mean and sigma for output function */
3408  STAT.mean[j] = mean[j];
3409  STAT.sigma[j] = sigma[j];
3410 
3411 /* finally apply the normalization */
3412  for(ipat=0;ipat<PAT.Npat[0];ipat++)
3413  {
3414  PAT.Rin[0][ipat][j] =
3415  (PAT.Rin[0][ipat][j]-(float) mean[j])/
3416  (float) sigma[j];
3417  }
3418  for(ipat=0;ipat<PAT.Npat[1];ipat++)
3419  {
3420  PAT.Rin[1][ipat][j] =
3421  (PAT.Rin[1][ipat][j]-(float) mean[j])/
3422  (float) sigma[j];
3423  }
3424  }
3425 
3426  free(mean);
3427  free(sigma);
3428  free(minimum);
3429  free(maximum);
3430  if(NET.Debug>=1) printf("\n");
3431  return 0;
3432 }
3433 
3434 
3435 /***********************************************************/
3436 /* AllocNetwork */
3437 /* */
3438 /* memory allocation for weights, etc */
3439 /* */
3440 /* inputs: int Nlayer: number of layers */
3441 /* int *Neurons: nulber of neurons per layer */
3442 /* */
3443 /* return value (int): error = 0: no error */
3444 /* = -111: could not allocate mem*/
3445 /* */
3446 /* Author: J.Schwindling 28-Sep-99 */
3447 /***********************************************************/
3448 
3449 int AllocNetwork(int Nlayer, int *Neurons)
3450 {
3451  int i, j, k, l;
3452 
3453  if(NetMemory != 0) FreeNetwork();
3454  NetMemory = 1;
3455 
3456  NET.Nneur = (int *) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(int));
3457  if(NET.Nneur == nullptr) return -111;
3458 
3459  NET.T_func = (int **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(int *));
3460  NET.Deriv1 = (dbl **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl *));
3461  NET.Inn = (dbl **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl *));
3462  NET.Outn = (dbl **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl *));
3463  NET.Delta = (dbl **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl *));
3464  if(NET.T_func == nullptr || NET.Deriv1 == nullptr
3465  || NET.Inn == nullptr || NET.Outn == nullptr
3466  || NET.Delta == nullptr) return -111;
3467 
3468  for(i=0; i<Nlayer; i++)
3469  {
3470  NET.T_func[i] = (int *) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(int));
3471  NET.Deriv1[i] = (dbl *) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl));
3472  NET.Inn[i] = (dbl *) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl));
3473  NET.Outn[i] = (dbl *) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl));
3474  NET.Delta[i] = (dbl *) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl));
3475  if(NET.T_func[i] == nullptr || NET.Deriv1[i] == nullptr
3476  || NET.Inn[i] == nullptr || NET.Outn[i] == nullptr
3477  || NET.Delta[i] ==nullptr ) return -111;
3478  }
3479 
3480  NET.Weights = (dbl ***) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl **));
3481  NET.vWeights = (dbl **) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl *));
3482  LEARN.Odw = (dbl ***) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl **));
3483  LEARN.ODeDw = (dbl ***) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl **));
3484  LEARN.DeDw = (dbl ***) malloc(Nlayer*sizeof(dbl **));
3485  if(NET.Weights == nullptr || NET.vWeights == nullptr
3486  || LEARN.Odw == nullptr || LEARN.ODeDw == nullptr
3487  || LEARN.DeDw == nullptr) return -111;
3488 
3489  for(i=1; i<Nlayer; i++)
3490  {
3491  k = Neurons[i-1]+1;
3492  NET.vWeights[i] = (dbl *) malloc(k * Neurons[i] *
3493  sizeof(dbl));
3494  NET.Weights[i] = (dbl **) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl *));
3495  LEARN.Odw[i] = (dbl **) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl *));
3496  LEARN.ODeDw[i] = (dbl **) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl *));
3497  LEARN.DeDw[i] = (dbl **) malloc(Neurons[i]*sizeof(dbl *));
3498  if(NET.Weights[i] == nullptr || NET.vWeights[i] == nullptr
3499  || LEARN.Odw[i] == nullptr || LEARN.ODeDw[i] == nullptr
3500  || LEARN.DeDw[i] == nullptr) return -111;
3501 
3502  for(j=0; j<Neurons[i]; j++)
3503  {
3504  NET.Weights[i][j] = &(NET.vWeights[i][j*k]);
3505  LEARN.Odw[i][j] = (dbl *) malloc(k*sizeof(dbl));
3506  LEARN.ODeDw[i][j] = (dbl *) malloc(k*sizeof(dbl));
3507  LEARN.DeDw[i][j] = (dbl *) malloc(k*sizeof(dbl));
3508  if(LEARN.Odw[i][j] == nullptr
3509  || LEARN.ODeDw[i][j] == nullptr
3510  || LEARN.DeDw[i][j] == nullptr) return -111;
3511 
3512  for(l=0; l<k; l++)
3513  {
3514  LEARN.Odw[i][j][l] = 0;
3515  LEARN.ODeDw[i][j][l] = 0;
3516  }
3517  }
3518  }
3519  return 0;
3520 }
3521 
3522 
3523 /***********************************************************/
3524 /* FreeNetwork */
3525 /* */
3526 /* frees the memory allocated for the network */
3527 /* */
3528 /* Author: J.Schwindling 06-Oct-99 */
3529 /***********************************************************/
3530 
3531 void FreeNetwork()
3532 {
3533  int i, j;
3534  for(i=1; i<NET.Nlayer; i++)
3535  {
3536  for(j=0; j<NET.Nneur[i]; j++)
3537  {
3538 /* free(NET.Weights[i][j]); */
3539  free(LEARN.Odw[i][j]);
3540  free(LEARN.ODeDw[i][j]);
3541  free(LEARN.DeDw[i][j]);
3542  }
3543  free(NET.vWeights[i]);
3544  free(NET.Weights[i]);
3545  free(LEARN.Odw[i]);
3546  free(LEARN.ODeDw[i]);
3547  free(LEARN.DeDw[i]);
3548  }
3549  free(NET.Weights);
3550  free(LEARN.Odw);
3551  free(LEARN.ODeDw);
3552  free(LEARN.DeDw);
3553 
3554  free(NET.Nneur);
3555 
3556  for(i=0; i<NET.Nlayer; i++)
3557  {
3558  free(NET.T_func[i]);
3559  free(NET.Deriv1[i]);
3560  free(NET.Inn[i]);
3561  free(NET.Outn[i]);
3562  free(NET.Delta[i]);
3563  }
3564  free(NET.T_func);
3565  free(NET.Deriv1);
3566  free(NET.Inn);
3567  free(NET.Outn);
3568  free(NET.Delta);
3569 
3570  NetMemory = 0;
3571 }
3572 
3573 /***********************************************************/
3574 /* GetNetStructure */
3575 /* */
3576 /* given a strinng like "3,4,1" returns the network */
3577 /* structure */
3578 /* */
3579 /* inputs: char *s: input string */
3580 /* */
3581 /* outputs: int *Nlayer: number of layers */
3582 /* int *Nneur: number of neurons per layer */
3583 /* */
3584 /* return value (int): error = 0: no error */
3585 /* = -1: s is empty */
3586 /* = -2: s is too long */
3587 /* = -3: too many layers */
3588 /* */
3589 /* Author: J.Schwindling 04-Oct-99 */
3590 /***********************************************************/
3591 
3592 int GetNetStructure(char *s, int *Nlayer, int *Nneur)
3593 {
3594  int i=0;
3595  char tmp[1024];
3596 
3597  if(strlen(s)==0) return -1;
3598  if(strlen(s)>1024) return -2;
3599 
3600  strcpy(tmp,s);
3601  if (strtok(tmp,","))
3602  {
3603  i=1;
3604  while (strtok(nullptr,",")) i++;
3605  }
3606  *Nlayer = i;
3607  if(i > NLMAX) return -3;
3608 
3609  strcpy(tmp,s);
3610  if (*Nlayer>0)
3611  {
3612  sscanf(strtok(tmp,","),"%d",&(Nneur[0]));
3613  for (i=1;i<*Nlayer;i++)
3614  sscanf(strtok(nullptr,","),"%d",&(Nneur[i]));
3615  }
3616 
3617  return 0;
3618 }
3619 
3620 
3621 /***********************************************************/
3622 /* MLP_SetNet */
3623 /* */
3624 /* to set the structure of a neural network */
3625 /* inputs: int *nl = number of layers */
3626 /* int *nn = number of neurons */
3627 /* */
3628 /* return value (int) = error value: */
3629 /* 0: no error */
3630 /* 1: N layers > NLMAX */
3631 /* 2: N layers < 2 */
3632 /* -111: Error allocating memory */
3633 /* */
3634 /* Author: J.Schwindling 14-Apr-99 */
3635 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 05-Oct-99 allocate memory */
3636 /* Modified: J.Schwindling 29-Nov-99 LearnFree, LearnAlloc */
3637 /***********************************************************/
3638 
3639 int MLP_SetNet(int *nl, int *nn)
3640 {
3641  int il,ierr;
3642 
3643  if((*nl)>NLMAX) return(1);
3644  if((*nl)<2) return(2);
3645 
3646 /* LearnFree(); */
3647 /* allocate memory */
3648  ierr = AllocNetwork(*nl,nn);
3649  if(ierr != 0) return ierr;
3650 
3651 /* set number of layers */
3652  NET.Nlayer = (int) *nl;
3653 
3654 /* set number of neurons */
3655  for(il=0; il<NET.Nlayer; il++) {
3656  NET.Nneur[il] = nn[il];
3657  }
3658 
3659 /* set transfer functions */
3660  SetDefaultFuncs();
3661 /* LearnAlloc(); */
3662 
3663  return(0);
3664 }
3665 
3666 
3667 /***********************************************************/
3668 /* MLP_MatrixVectorBias */
3669 /* */
3670 /* computes a Matrix-Vector product */
3671 /* r[j] = M[j][0] + Sum_i M[j][i] v[i] */
3672 /* */
3673 /* inputs: dbl *M = matrix (n lines, m+1 columns) */
3674 /* dbl *v = vector (dimension m) */
3675 /* dbl *r = resulting vector (dimension n) */
3676 /* int n */
3677 /* int m */
3678 /* */
3679 /* Author: J.Schwindling 24-Jan-00 */
3680 /***********************************************************/
3681 
3682 void MLP_MatrixVectorBias(dbl *M, dbl *v, dbl *r, int n, int m)
3683 {
3684  int i,j;
3685  dbl a1, a2, a3, a4, c, d;
3686  dbl *pM1 = M;
3687  dbl *pM2 = &(M[m+1]);
3688  dbl *pM3 = &(M[2*(m+1)]);
3689  dbl *pM4 = &(M[3*(m+1)]);
3690  dbl *pr = r;
3691  int mp1 = m+1;
3692 
3693  for(i=0; i<n-3;
3694  i+=4, pM1 += 3*mp1, pM2 += 3*mp1, pM3 += 3*mp1, pM4 += 3*mp1,
3695  pr+=4)
3696  {
3697  a1 = *pM1;
3698  a2 = *pM2;
3699  a3 = *pM3;
3700  a4 = *pM4;
3701  pM1++; pM2++; pM3++; pM4++;
3702  for(j=0; j<m-1; j+=2, pM1+=2, pM2+=2, pM3+=2, pM4+=2)
3703  {
3704  c = v[j];
3705  d = v[j+1];
3706  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * c + *(pM1+1) * d;
3707  a2 = a2 + *pM2 * c + *(pM2+1) * d;
3708  a3 = a3 + *pM3 * c + *(pM3+1) * d;
3709  a4 = a4 + *pM4 * c + *(pM4+1) * d;
3710  }
3711  for(j=j; j<m; j++, pM1++, pM2++, pM3++, pM4++)
3712  {
3713  c = v[j];
3714  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * c;
3715  a2 = a2 + *pM2 * c;
3716  a3 = a3 + *pM3 * c;
3717  a4 = a4 + *pM4 * c;
3718  }
3719  *pr = a1; *(pr+1) = a2; *(pr+2) = a3; *(pr+3) = a4;
3720  }
3721  for(i=i; i<n; i++)
3722  {
3723  pM1 = &(M[i*(m+1)]);
3724  a1 = *pM1;
3725  pM1++;
3726  for(j=0; j<m; j++, pM1++)
3727  {
3728  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * v[j];
3729  }
3730  r[i] = a1;
3731  }
3732 }
3733 /***********************************************************/
3734 /* MLP_MatrixVector */
3735 /* */
3736 /* computes a Matrix-Vector product */
3737 /* r[j] = Sum_i M[j][i] v[i] */
3738 /* */
3739 /* inputs: dbl *M = matrix (n lines, m+1 columns) */
3740 /* dbl *v = vector (dimension m) */
3741 /* dbl *r = resulting vector (dimension n) */
3742 /* int n */
3743 /* int m */
3744 /* */
3745 /* Author: J.Schwindling 24-Jan-00 */
3746 /***********************************************************/
3747 
3748 void MLP_MatrixVector(dbl *M, type_pat *v, dbl *r, int n, int m)
3749 {
3750  int i,j;
3751  dbl a1, a2, a3, a4, c, d;
3752  dbl *pM1 = M;
3753  dbl *pM2 = &(M[m]);
3754  dbl *pM3 = &(M[2*m]);
3755  dbl *pM4 = &(M[3*m]);
3756  dbl *pr = r;
3757  int mp1 = m;
3758 
3759  for(i=0; i<n-3;
3760  i+=4, pM1 += 3*mp1, pM2 += 3*mp1, pM3 += 3*mp1, pM4 += 3*mp1,
3761  pr+=4)
3762  {
3763  a1 = 0;
3764  a2 = 0;
3765  a3 = 0;
3766  a4 = 0;
3767  for(j=0; j<m-1; j+=2, pM1+=2, pM2+=2, pM3+=2, pM4+=2)
3768  {
3769  c = v[j];
3770  d = v[j+1];
3771  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * c + *(pM1+1) * d;
3772  a2 = a2 + *pM2 * c + *(pM2+1) * d;
3773  a3 = a3 + *pM3 * c + *(pM3+1) * d;
3774  a4 = a4 + *pM4 * c + *(pM4+1) * d;
3775  }
3776  for(j=j; j<m; j++, pM1++, pM2++, pM3++, pM4++)
3777  {
3778  c = v[j];
3779  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * c;
3780  a2 = a2 + *pM2 * c;
3781  a3 = a3 + *pM3 * c;
3782  a4 = a4 + *pM4 * c;
3783  }
3784  *pr = a1; *(pr+1) = a2; *(pr+2) = a3; *(pr+3) = a4;
3785  }
3786  for(i=i; i<n; i++)
3787  {
3788  pM1 = &(M[i*m]);
3789  a1 = 0;
3790  for(j=0; j<m; j++, pM1++)
3791  {
3792  a1 = a1 + *pM1 * v[j];
3793  }
3794  r[i] = a1;
3795  }
3796 }
3797 
3798 
3799 /***********************************************************/
3800 /* MLP_MM2rows */
3801 /* */
3802 /* computes a Matrix-Matrix product, with the first matrix */
3803 /* having 2 rows */
3804 /* */
3805 /* inputs: dbl *c = resulting matrix (Nj * Nk) */
3806 /* dbl *a = first matrix (Ni * Nj) */
3807 /* dbl *b = second matrix (Nj * Nk) */
3808 /* int Ni */
3809 /* int Nj */
3810 /* int Nk */
3811 /* int NaOffs */
3812 /* int NbOffs */
3813 /* */
3814 /* Author: J.Schwindling 24-Jan-00 */
3815 /***********************************************************/
3816 
3817 void MLP_MM2rows(dbl* c, type_pat* a, dbl* b,
3818  int Ni, int Nj, int Nk, int NaOffs, int NbOffs)
3819 {
3820 //int i,j,k;
3821 int j,k;
3822 dbl s00,s01,s10,s11;
3823 type_pat *pa0,*pa1;
3824 dbl *pb0,*pb1,*pc0,*pc1;
3825 
3826  for (j=0; j<=Nj-2; j+=2)
3827  {
3828  pc0 = c+j;
3829  pc1 = c+j+Nj;
3830  s00 = 0.0; s01 = 0.0; s10 = 0.0; s11 = 0.0;
3831 
3832  for (k=0,pb0=b+k+NbOffs*j,
3833  pb1=b+k+NbOffs*(j+1),
3834  pa0=a+k,
3835  pa1=a+k+NaOffs;
3836  k<Nk;
3837  k++,pa0++,
3838  pa1++,
3839  pb0++,
3840  pb1++)
3841  {
3842  s00 += (*pa0)*(*pb0);
3843  s01 += (*pa0)*(*pb1);
3844  s10 += (*pa1)*(*pb0);
3845  s11 += (*pa1)*(*pb1);
3846  }
3847  *pc0 = s00; *(pc0+1) = s01; *pc1 = s10; *(pc1+1) = s11;
3848  }
3849  for (j=j; j<Nj; j++)
3850  {
3851  pc0 = c+j;
3852  pc1 = c+j+Nj;
3853  s00 = 0.0; s10 = 0.0;
3854  for (k=0,pb0=b+k+NbOffs*j,
3855  pa0=a+k,
3856  pa1=a+k+NaOffs;
3857  k<Nk;
3858  k++,pa0++,
3859  pa1++,
3860  pb0++)
3861  {
3862  s00 += (*pa0)*(*pb0);
3863  s10 += (*pa1)*(*pb0);
3864  }
3865  *pc0 = s00; *pc1 = s10;
3866  }
3867 }
3868 
3869 #ifdef __cplusplus
3870 } // extern "C"
3871 #endif
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