MonopoleTransportation.cc

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//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
//
// This class is a process responsible for the transportation of 
// magnetic monopoles, ie the geometrical propagation that encounters the 
// geometrical sub-volumes of the detectors.
//
// =======================================================================
// Created:  3 May 2010, J. Apostolakis, B. Bozsogi 
//                       G4MonopoleTransportation class for
//                       Geant4 extended example "monopole"
//
// Adopted for CMSSW by V.Ivanchenko 30 April 2018 
//
// =======================================================================

#include "SimG4Core/PhysicsLists/interface/MonopoleTransportation.h"
#include "SimG4Core/Physics/interface/Monopole.h"
#include "SimG4Core/MagneticField/interface/ChordFinderSetter.h"
#include "SimG4Core/MagneticField/interface/CMSFieldManager.h"

#include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh"
#include "G4ParticleTable.hh"
#include "G4ChordFinder.hh"
#include "G4SafetyHelper.hh"
#include "G4FieldManagerStore.hh"
#include "G4TransportationProcessType.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"

class G4VSensitiveDetector;

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MonopoleTransportation::MonopoleTransportation(const Monopole* mpl, 
                           sim::ChordFinderSetter* chordFinderSetter,
                                               G4int verb)
  : G4VProcess( G4String("MonopoleTransportation"), fTransportation ),
    fParticleDef(mpl),
    fChordFinderSetter(chordFinderSetter),
    fieldMgrCMS(nullptr),
    fLinearNavigator(nullptr),
    fFieldPropagator(nullptr),
    fParticleIsLooping( false ),
    fPreviousSftOrigin (0.,0.,0.),
    fPreviousSafety    ( 0.0 ),
    fThreshold_Warning_Energy( 100 * MeV ),  
    fThreshold_Important_Energy( 250 * MeV ), 
    fThresholdTrials( 10 ), 
    fNoLooperTrials(0),
    fSumEnergyKilled( 0.0 ), fMaxEnergyKilled( 0.0 ), 
    fShortStepOptimisation(false),    // Old default: true (=fast short steps)
    fpSafetyHelper(nullptr)
{
  verboseLevel = verb;

  // set Process Sub Type
  SetProcessSubType(TRANSPORTATION);  

#ifdef G4MULTITHREADED
  // Do not finalize the MonopoleTransportation class 
  if (G4Threading::IsMasterThread())
    {
      return;
    }
#endif

  G4TransportationManager* transportMgr = 
    G4TransportationManager::GetTransportationManager(); 

  fLinearNavigator = transportMgr->GetNavigatorForTracking() ; 

  fFieldPropagator = transportMgr->GetPropagatorInField() ;
  fpSafetyHelper =   transportMgr->GetSafetyHelper();  

  // Cannot determine whether a field exists here,
  //  because it would only work if the field manager has informed 
  //  about the detector's field before this transportation process 
  //  is constructed.
  // Instead later the method DoesGlobalFieldExist() is called

  fCurrentTouchableHandle = nullptr; 

  fEndGlobalTimeComputed  = false;
  fCandidateEndGlobalTime = 0;
}

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MonopoleTransportation::~MonopoleTransportation()
{
  if( (verboseLevel > 0) && (fSumEnergyKilled > 0.0 ) ){ 
    /*
    G4cout << " MonopoleTransportation: Statistics for looping particles " 
           << G4endl;
    G4cout << "   Sum of energy of loopers killed: " <<  fSumEnergyKilled << G4endl;
    G4cout << "   Max energy of loopers killed: " <<  fMaxEnergyKilled << G4endl;
    */
  } 
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
//
// Responsibilities:
//    Find whether the geometry limits the Step, and to what length
//    Calculate the new value of the safety and return it.
//    Store the final time, position and momentum.

G4double MonopoleTransportation::
AlongStepGetPhysicalInteractionLength( const G4Track&  track,
                                             G4double, //  previousStepSize
                                             G4double  currentMinimumStep,
                                             G4double& currentSafety,
                                             G4GPILSelection* selection )
{  
  // change to monopole equation
  fieldMgrCMS->SetMonopoleTracking(true);

  G4double geometryStepLength, newSafety ; 
  fParticleIsLooping = false ;

  // Initial actions moved to  StartTrack()   
  // --------------------------------------
  // Note: in case another process changes touchable handle
  //    it will be necessary to add here (for all steps)   
  // fCurrentTouchableHandle = aTrack->GetTouchableHandle();

  // GPILSelection is set to defaule value of CandidateForSelection
  // It is a return value
  //
  *selection = CandidateForSelection ;

  // Get initial Energy/Momentum of the track
  //
  const G4DynamicParticle* pParticle      = track.GetDynamicParticle() ;
  const G4ThreeVector& startMomentumDir          = pParticle->GetMomentumDirection() ;
  G4ThreeVector startPosition             = track.GetPosition() ;

  // The Step Point safety can be limited by other geometries and/or the 
  // assumptions of any process - it's not always the geometrical safety.
  // We calculate the starting point's isotropic safety here.
  //
  G4ThreeVector OriginShift = startPosition - fPreviousSftOrigin ;
  G4double      MagSqShift  = OriginShift.mag2() ;
  if( MagSqShift >= sqr(fPreviousSafety) )
  {
     currentSafety = 0.0 ;
  }
  else
  {
     currentSafety = fPreviousSafety - std::sqrt(MagSqShift) ;
  }

  // Is the monopole charged ?
  //
  G4double particleMagneticCharge = fParticleDef->MagneticCharge() ; 
  G4double particleElectricCharge = pParticle->GetCharge();

  fGeometryLimitedStep = false ;

  // There is no need to locate the current volume. It is Done elsewhere:
  //   On track construction 
  //   By the tracking, after all AlongStepDoIts, in "Relocation"

  // Check whether the particle have an (EM) field force exerting upon it
  G4bool          fieldExertsForce = false ;
    
  if(particleMagneticCharge != 0.0 && fieldMgrCMS) {
    // Message the field Manager, to configure it for this track
    fieldMgrCMS->ConfigureForTrack( &track );
    // Moved here, in order to allow a transition
    //   from a zero-field  status (with fieldMgr->(field)0
    //   to a finite field  status

    // If the field manager has no field, there is no field !
    fieldExertsForce = (fieldMgrCMS->GetDetectorField() != nullptr);      
  }

  // G4cout << " G4Transport:  field exerts force= " << fieldExertsForce
  //          << "  fieldMgr= " << fieldMgr << G4endl;

  // Choose the calculation of the transportation: Field or not 
  //
  if( !fieldExertsForce ) 
  {
     G4double linearStepLength ;
     if( fShortStepOptimisation && (currentMinimumStep <= currentSafety) )
     {
       // The Step is guaranteed to be taken
       //
       geometryStepLength   = currentMinimumStep ;
       fGeometryLimitedStep = false ;
     }
     else
     {
       //  Find whether the straight path intersects a volume
       //
       linearStepLength = fLinearNavigator->ComputeStep( startPosition, 
                                                         startMomentumDir,
                                                         currentMinimumStep, 
                                                         newSafety) ;
       // Remember last safety origin & value.
       //
       fPreviousSftOrigin = startPosition ;
       fPreviousSafety    = newSafety ; 
       // fpSafetyHelper->SetCurrentSafety( newSafety, startPosition);

       // The safety at the initial point has been re-calculated:
       //
       currentSafety = newSafety ;
          
       fGeometryLimitedStep= (linearStepLength <= currentMinimumStep); 
       if( fGeometryLimitedStep )
       {
         // The geometry limits the Step size (an intersection was found.)
         geometryStepLength   = linearStepLength ;
       } 
       else
       {
         // The full Step is taken.
         geometryStepLength   = currentMinimumStep ;
       }
     }
     endpointDistance = geometryStepLength ;

     // Calculate final position
     //
     fTransportEndPosition = startPosition+geometryStepLength*startMomentumDir ;

     // Momentum direction, energy and polarisation are unchanged by transport
     //
     fTransportEndMomentumDir   = startMomentumDir ; 
     fTransportEndKineticEnergy = track.GetKineticEnergy() ;
     fTransportEndSpin          = track.GetPolarization();
     fParticleIsLooping         = false ;
     fMomentumChanged           = false ; 
     fEndGlobalTimeComputed     = false ;
  }
  else   //  A field exerts force
  {
     G4double       momentumMagnitude = pParticle->GetTotalMomentum() ;
     G4ThreeVector  EndUnitMomentum ;
     G4double       lengthAlongCurve ;
     G4double       restMass = fParticleDef->GetPDGMass() ;

     G4ChargeState chargeState(particleElectricCharge,  // The charge can change (dynamic)
                               fParticleDef->GetPDGSpin(),
                               0,   //  Magnetic moment:  pParticleDef->GetMagneticMoment(),
                               0,   //  Electric Dipole moment - not in Particle Definition 
                               particleMagneticCharge );   // in Mev/c 

     G4EquationOfMotion* equationOfMotion = 
       fFieldPropagator->GetChordFinder()->GetIntegrationDriver()->GetEquationOfMotion();

     equationOfMotion
       ->SetChargeMomentumMass( chargeState,       //  Was particleMagneticCharge - in Mev/c
                                momentumMagnitude, //  Was particleElectricCharge 
                                restMass ) ;  
     // SetChargeMomentumMass now passes both the electric and magnetic charge - in chargeState

     G4ThreeVector spin        = track.GetPolarization() ;
     G4FieldTrack  aFieldTrack = G4FieldTrack( startPosition, 
                                               track.GetMomentumDirection(),
                                               0.0, 
                                               track.GetKineticEnergy(),
                                               restMass,
                                               track.GetVelocity(),
                                               track.GetGlobalTime(), // Lab.
                                               track.GetProperTime(), // Part.
                                               &spin                  ) ;
     if( currentMinimumStep > 0 ) 
     {
        // Do the Transport in the field (non recti-linear)
        //
        lengthAlongCurve = fFieldPropagator->ComputeStep( aFieldTrack,
                                                          currentMinimumStep, 
                                                          currentSafety,
                                                          track.GetVolume() ) ;
        fGeometryLimitedStep= lengthAlongCurve < currentMinimumStep; 
        if( fGeometryLimitedStep ) {
           geometryStepLength   = lengthAlongCurve ;
        } else {
           geometryStepLength   = currentMinimumStep ;
        }
     }
     else
     {
        geometryStepLength   = lengthAlongCurve= 0.0 ;
        fGeometryLimitedStep = false ;
     }

     // Remember last safety origin & value.
     //
     fPreviousSftOrigin = startPosition ;
     fPreviousSafety    = currentSafety ;         
     // fpSafetyHelper->SetCurrentSafety( newSafety, startPosition);
       
     // Get the End-Position and End-Momentum (Dir-ection)
     //
     fTransportEndPosition = aFieldTrack.GetPosition() ;

     // Momentum:  Magnitude and direction can be changed too now ...
     //
     fMomentumChanged         = true ; 
     fTransportEndMomentumDir = aFieldTrack.GetMomentumDir() ;

     fTransportEndKineticEnergy  = aFieldTrack.GetKineticEnergy() ; 

     fCandidateEndGlobalTime   = aFieldTrack.GetLabTimeOfFlight();
     fEndGlobalTimeComputed    = true;

     fTransportEndSpin = aFieldTrack.GetSpin();
     fParticleIsLooping = fFieldPropagator->IsParticleLooping() ;
     endpointDistance   = (fTransportEndPosition - startPosition).mag() ;
  }

  // If we are asked to go a step length of 0, and we are on a boundary
  // then a boundary will also limit the step -> we must flag this.
  //
  if( currentMinimumStep == 0.0 ) 
  {
      if( currentSafety == 0.0 )  fGeometryLimitedStep = true ;
  }

  // Update the safety starting from the end-point,
  // if it will become negative at the end-point.
  //
  if( currentSafety < endpointDistance ) 
  {
      // if( particleMagneticCharge == 0.0 ) 
      //    G4cout  << "  Avoiding call to ComputeSafety : charge = 0.0 " << G4endl;
 
      if( particleMagneticCharge != 0.0 ) {

         G4double endSafety =
               fLinearNavigator->ComputeSafety( fTransportEndPosition) ;
         currentSafety      = endSafety ;
         fPreviousSftOrigin = fTransportEndPosition ;
         fPreviousSafety    = currentSafety ; 
         fpSafetyHelper->SetCurrentSafety( currentSafety, fTransportEndPosition);

         // Because the Stepping Manager assumes it is from the start point, 
         //  add the StepLength
         //
         currentSafety     += endpointDistance ;

#ifdef G4DEBUG_TRANSPORT 
         G4cout.precision(12) ;
         G4cout << "***MonopoleTransportation::AlongStepGPIL ** " << G4endl  ;
         G4cout << "  Called Navigator->ComputeSafety at " << fTransportEndPosition
                << "    and it returned safety= " << endSafety << G4endl ; 
         G4cout << "  Adding endpoint distance " << endpointDistance 
                << "   to obtain pseudo-safety= " << currentSafety << G4endl ; 
#endif
      }
  }            

  fParticleChange.ProposeTrueStepLength(geometryStepLength) ;

  return geometryStepLength ;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
//
//   Initialize ParticleChange  (by setting all its members equal
//                               to corresponding members in G4Track)

G4VParticleChange* MonopoleTransportation::AlongStepDoIt( const G4Track& track,
                                                          const G4Step&  stepData )
{
  fParticleChange.Initialize(track) ;

  //  Code for specific process 
  //
  fParticleChange.ProposePosition(fTransportEndPosition) ;
  fParticleChange.ProposeMomentumDirection(fTransportEndMomentumDir) ;
  fParticleChange.ProposeEnergy(fTransportEndKineticEnergy) ;
  fParticleChange.SetMomentumChanged(fMomentumChanged) ;

  fParticleChange.ProposePolarization(fTransportEndSpin);
  
  G4double deltaTime = 0.0 ;

  // Calculate  Lab Time of Flight (ONLY if field Equations used it!)
     // G4double endTime   = fCandidateEndGlobalTime;
     // G4double delta_time = endTime - startTime;

  G4double startTime = track.GetGlobalTime() ;
  
  if (!fEndGlobalTimeComputed)
  {
     // The time was not integrated .. make the best estimate possible
     //
     G4double finalVelocity   = track.GetVelocity() ;
     G4double initialVelocity = stepData.GetPreStepPoint()->GetVelocity() ;
     G4double stepLength      = track.GetStepLength() ;

     deltaTime= 0.0;  // in case initialVelocity = 0 
     //const G4DynamicParticle* fpDynamicParticle = track.GetDynamicParticle();
     if (finalVelocity > 0.0)
     {
        G4double meanInverseVelocity ;
        meanInverseVelocity = 0.5
                            * ( 1.0 / initialVelocity + 1.0 / finalVelocity ) ;
        deltaTime = stepLength * meanInverseVelocity ;
     }
     else if( initialVelocity > 0.0 )
     {
        deltaTime = stepLength/initialVelocity ;
     }
     fCandidateEndGlobalTime   = startTime + deltaTime ;
  }
  else
  {
     deltaTime = fCandidateEndGlobalTime - startTime ;
  }

  fParticleChange.ProposeGlobalTime( fCandidateEndGlobalTime ) ;

  // Now Correct by Lorentz factor to get "proper" deltaTime
  
  G4double  restMass       = track.GetDynamicParticle()->GetMass() ;
  G4double deltaProperTime = deltaTime*( restMass/track.GetTotalEnergy() ) ;

  fParticleChange.ProposeProperTime(track.GetProperTime() + deltaProperTime) ;
  //fParticleChange. ProposeTrueStepLength( track.GetStepLength() ) ;

  // If the particle is caught looping or is stuck (in very difficult
  // boundaries) in a magnetic field (doing many steps) 
  //   THEN this kills it ...
  //
  if ( fParticleIsLooping )
  {
      G4double endEnergy= fTransportEndKineticEnergy;

      if( (endEnergy < fThreshold_Important_Energy) 
          || (fNoLooperTrials >= fThresholdTrials ) ){
        // Kill the looping particle 
        //
        fParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus( fStopAndKill )  ;

        // 'Bare' statistics
        fSumEnergyKilled += endEnergy; 
        if( endEnergy > fMaxEnergyKilled) { fMaxEnergyKilled= endEnergy; }

#ifdef G4VERBOSE
        if( (verboseLevel > 1) || 
            ( endEnergy > fThreshold_Warning_Energy )  ) { 
          G4cout << " MonopoleTransportation is killing track that is looping or stuck "
                 << G4endl
                 << "   This track has " << track.GetKineticEnergy() / MeV
                 << " MeV energy." << G4endl;
          G4cout << "   Number of trials = " << fNoLooperTrials 
                 << "   No of calls to AlongStepDoIt = " << noCalls 
                 << G4endl;
        }
#endif
        fNoLooperTrials=0; 
      }
      else{
        fNoLooperTrials ++; 
#ifdef G4VERBOSE
        if( (verboseLevel > 2) ){
          G4cout << "   MonopoleTransportation::AlongStepDoIt(): Particle looping -  "
                 << "   Number of trials = " << fNoLooperTrials 
                 << "   No of calls to  = " << noCalls 
                 << G4endl;
        }
#endif
      }
  }else{
      fNoLooperTrials=0; 
  }

  // Another (sometimes better way) is to use a user-limit maximum Step size
  // to alleviate this problem .. 

  // Introduce smooth curved trajectories to particle-change
  //
  fParticleChange.SetPointerToVectorOfAuxiliaryPoints
    (fFieldPropagator->GimmeTrajectoryVectorAndForgetIt() );

  return &fParticleChange ;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
//
//  This ensures that the PostStep action is always called,
//  so that it can do the relocation if it is needed.
// 

G4double MonopoleTransportation::
PostStepGetPhysicalInteractionLength( const G4Track&,
                                            G4double, // previousStepSize
                                            G4ForceCondition* pForceCond )
{  
  *pForceCond = Forced ; 
  return DBL_MAX ;  // was kInfinity ; but convention now is DBL_MAX
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

G4VParticleChange* MonopoleTransportation::PostStepDoIt( const G4Track& track,
                                                   const G4Step& )
{
  G4TouchableHandle retCurrentTouchable ;   // The one to return

  fParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus(track.GetTrackStatus()) ;

  // If the Step was determined by the volume boundary,
  // logically relocate the particle
  
  if(fGeometryLimitedStep)
  {  
    // fCurrentTouchable will now become the previous touchable, 
    // and what was the previous will be freed.
    // (Needed because the preStepPoint can point to the previous touchable)

    fLinearNavigator->SetGeometricallyLimitedStep() ;
    fLinearNavigator->
    LocateGlobalPointAndUpdateTouchableHandle( track.GetPosition(),
                                               track.GetMomentumDirection(),
                                               fCurrentTouchableHandle,
                                               true                      ) ;
    // Check whether the particle is out of the world volume 
    // If so it has exited and must be killed.
    //
    if( fCurrentTouchableHandle->GetVolume() == nullptr )
    {
       fParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus( fStopAndKill ) ;
    }
    retCurrentTouchable = fCurrentTouchableHandle ;
    fParticleChange.SetTouchableHandle( fCurrentTouchableHandle ) ;
  }
  else                 // fGeometryLimitedStep  is false
  {                    
    // This serves only to move the Navigator's location
    //
    fLinearNavigator->LocateGlobalPointWithinVolume( track.GetPosition() ) ;

    // The value of the track's current Touchable is retained. 
    // (and it must be correct because we must use it below to
    // overwrite the (unset) one in particle change)
    //  It must be fCurrentTouchable too ??
    //
    fParticleChange.SetTouchableHandle( track.GetTouchableHandle() ) ;
    retCurrentTouchable = track.GetTouchableHandle() ;
  }         // endif ( fGeometryLimitedStep ) 

  const G4VPhysicalVolume* pNewVol = retCurrentTouchable->GetVolume() ;
  const G4Material* pNewMaterial   = nullptr ;
  const G4VSensitiveDetector* pNewSensitiveDetector   = nullptr ;
                                                                                       
  if( pNewVol != nullptr )
  {
    pNewMaterial= pNewVol->GetLogicalVolume()->GetMaterial();
    pNewSensitiveDetector= pNewVol->GetLogicalVolume()->GetSensitiveDetector();
  }

  // ( <const_cast> pNewMaterial ) ;
  // ( <const_cast> pNewSensitiveDetector) ;

  fParticleChange.SetMaterialInTouchable( 
                     (G4Material *) pNewMaterial ) ;
  fParticleChange.SetSensitiveDetectorInTouchable( 
                     (G4VSensitiveDetector *) pNewSensitiveDetector ) ;

  const G4MaterialCutsCouple* pNewMaterialCutsCouple = nullptr;
  if( pNewVol != nullptr )
  {
    pNewMaterialCutsCouple=pNewVol->GetLogicalVolume()->GetMaterialCutsCouple();
  }

  if( pNewVol!=nullptr && pNewMaterialCutsCouple!=nullptr && 
      pNewMaterialCutsCouple->GetMaterial()!=pNewMaterial )
  {
    // for parametrized volume
    //
    pNewMaterialCutsCouple =
      G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable()
                             ->GetMaterialCutsCouple(pNewMaterial,
                               pNewMaterialCutsCouple->GetProductionCuts());
  }
  fParticleChange.SetMaterialCutsCoupleInTouchable( pNewMaterialCutsCouple );

  // temporarily until Get/Set Material of ParticleChange, 
  // and StepPoint can be made const. 
  // Set the touchable in ParticleChange
  // this must always be done because the particle change always
  // uses this value to overwrite the current touchable pointer.
  //
  fParticleChange.SetTouchableHandle(retCurrentTouchable) ;

  // change to normal equation
  fieldMgrCMS->SetMonopoleTracking(false);
  
  return &fParticleChange ;
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......

// New method takes over the responsibility to reset the state 
// of MonopoleTransportation object at the start of a new track 
// or the resumption of a suspended track. 

void 
MonopoleTransportation::StartTracking(G4Track* aTrack)
{
  // initialise pointer
  if(!fieldMgrCMS) {
    G4FieldManager* fieldMgr = 
      fFieldPropagator->FindAndSetFieldManager(aTrack->GetVolume()); 
    fieldMgrCMS = static_cast<CMSFieldManager*>(fieldMgr);
  }

  G4VProcess::StartTracking(aTrack);

  // The actions here are those that were taken in AlongStepGPIL
  //   when track.GetCurrentStepNumber()==1

  // reset safety value and center
  //
  fPreviousSafety    = 0.0 ; 
  fPreviousSftOrigin = G4ThreeVector(0.,0.,0.) ;
  
  // reset looping counter -- for motion in field
  fNoLooperTrials= 0; 
  // Must clear this state .. else it depends on last track's value
  //  --> a better solution would set this from state of suspended track TODO ? 
  // Was if( aTrack->GetCurrentStepNumber()==1 ) { .. }

  // ChordFinder reset internal state
  //
  if( DoesGlobalFieldExist() ) {
     fFieldPropagator->ClearPropagatorState();   
       // Resets all state of field propagator class (ONLY)
       //  including safety values (in case of overlaps and to wipe for first track).

     G4ChordFinder* chordF= fFieldPropagator->GetChordFinder();
     if( chordF ) chordF->ResetStepEstimate();
  }

  // Make sure to clear the chord finders of all fields (ie managers)
  G4FieldManagerStore* fieldMgrStore= G4FieldManagerStore::GetInstance();
  fieldMgrStore->ClearAllChordFindersState(); 

  // Update the current touchable handle  (from the track's)
  //
  fCurrentTouchableHandle = aTrack->GetTouchableHandle();
}

//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......